Introduction:Burn injuries are one of the top 10 causes of unintentional deaths in children younger than 14 years old. Most pediatric burns are minor, but children with severe burns have higher mortality than nonelderly adults with similar burns. Aims and objectives:To study the epidemiological particularities and the prognostic factors in order to prevent these accidents and to improve the future of the patients. Materials and methods:This study is retrospective and descriptive. It covers all the children burned and hospitalized in the pediatric intensive care unit of the Mohammed VI University Hospital of Marrakech during the period from January 2009 to December 2017. The criteria for inclusion are any burns covering more than 15% of a skin surface, any burns in a deep surface exceeding 5%, when a burn is cervicofacial, or when the burn is responsible for circular lesions. Findings and discussion:401 cases were collected during this period mentioned above. The incidence of severe burns in children was 5.6%. The most affected age group is between 0 and 4 years old with a male predominance (63%). Children from rural regions were more dominant (61%). 40% of the patients were admitted between 3 and 12 hours after the incident. 89% of the incidents occurred at home. Scalding was the most common mechanism (70%). Inpatient admission was done in 59% of cases via pediatric emergencies. The average area of skin burned was 18.8%. The most common location was limb involvement (35%) with superficial to intermediate second degree burns predominating (51%). Therapeutically, apart from patients admitted late (22%), all the others benefited from rehydration according to the Carvajal scheme. All the patients also benefited from multimodal analgesia (Morphine-Paracetamol-Ibuprofen) care performed by the plastic surgery team, and a mostly enteral diet (91%) introduced within an average of 1.7 days. In addition, we noted the occurrence of various ionic and metabolic disorders in 75% of cases, anemia in 67% of patients. The infection reached 43% of children burned. The mortality rate was
Malignant cutaneous tumors Advancedthe face -Epidemiology.The malignant skin tumors advanced of the face represent a serious pathology due to its location, its evolutionary potential and especially its vital prognosis. All these factors and others justify the collective care as early as possible while respecting the convenience of the patient. From a retrospective study spread over a period of 7 years and half, we analyzed the epidemiological and clinical characteristics, the delay of diagnosis, the type of therapy and the outcome of 60 patients in our structure. The age of our patients varies between 7 and 89 years with an average age of 63 years and a clear male predominance (sex ratio = 3). The rural origin accounted for 87% and the majority of professions exposed to the sun. The mid-facial region was the site of 60% of the tumors studied. Histological results showed basal cell carcinoma predominance of 55%, followed by squamous cell carcinoma 40% and melanoma 2%. Tumors were classified as T4 in 73% with a concentration lesions mid-lock face/mid-facial 60%. The tumor resection was the rule in all our patients while respecting a margin of safety adapted to the histological type and tumor size. These margins were complete in 48 patients, incomplete in 12 patients (Xp and Epidermodysplasia) whose goal of resection was initially palliative. Lymph node dissection was performed in 7 patients. Exenteration was performed in 10 patients. A parotidectomy was performed in 5 patients. The repair process was adapted to the seat and the extent of the defects. Reconstruction was deferred in 83% of cases and involved various ways of skin grafting to muscular cutaneous flaps. Adjuvant radiotherapy was indicated in 17 patients. These findings should lead us for more precaution and to rethink our carcinological and reconstructive approach. The deployment of simple means allows local monitoring and prioritizes other means according to needs. A preventive approach remains a pillar in the management of these "historical" tumors.
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