The current study examined the relationship between different styles of parenting, anxiety and school refusal behavior in children. The study was conducted with a sample of 150 school going children from different public and private schools and 150 of their mothers. The age range of children was 5-13 years with a mean of 6.38 years (SD = 2.04). The parenting styles of mothers were determined using Parenting Styles Scale. Anxiety in children was determined using Spence’s Children’s Anxiety Scale and school refusal behavior was determined using School Refusal Assessment Scale-R. A cross-sectional research design was used for this research and data was collected from children in groups, while mothers were approached individually. The data was then analyzed using correlation, regression and ANOVA. The study yielded a significant relationship of controlling and avoidant parenting styles with anxiety in children. A significant negative relationship was also found of supportive and aggressive parenting styles with anxiety in children. A significant positive relationship of avoidant and aggressive parenting styles was found with function 1 of school refusal. Moreover, a significant negative relationship of supportive and compassionate parenting styles was found with functions 1 and 2 of school refusal. Gender differences were also found for anxiety. This research has future implications for parents, therapists and school psychologists.

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Saline hysterosonography is a simple and cost-effective method with high sensitivity to detect uterine abnormalities causing postmenopausal bleeding. The objective of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of saline hysterosonography in detecting endometrial hyperplasia in women with postmenopausal bleeding by taking histopathology as a gold standard. METHODOLOGY: A hundred and twenty (120) cases were enrolled from the outpatient and inpatient department of obstetrics and gynecology. Proper history and relevant examination of the patient was done. Then preparations were made for the procedure. The patient was counseled and the technique explained to her. Then Foley catheter no 12 was passed in cervix and sonography was done while instilling normal saline through a cervical catheter and scan pictures were frozen and results were given by expert gynecologist of Allied Hospital, Faisalabad. Histopathology specimen was sent to the pathology lab. RESULTS: Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and diagnostic accuracy of saline hysterosonography in detecting endometrial hyperplasia was recorded as 96.15%,91,49%,75.76%,98.85%, and 92.5% respectively. CONCLUSION: Saline hysterosonography has high sensitivity to detect uterine hyperplasia. It can be used as a cost effective alternative to hysteroscopy in many units in Pakistan.