Background: Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of unprotected left main coronary artery disease (ULMCAD) have become a feasible and efficient alternative to coronary artery bypass surgery, especially in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). There is limited data regarding early and late outcomes after ULMCAD PCI in patients with ACS and stable angina.The aim of this study was to compare early and four-year clinical outcomes in patients with ULMCAD PCI presenting as ACS or stable angina in a high-volume PCI center.Methods: We conducted a single center retrospective observational study, that included 146 patients with ULMCAD undergoing PCI between 2014-2018. Patients were divided in two groups: Group A included patients with stable angina (n=70, 47.9%) and Group B patients with ACS (n=76, 52.1%).Results: 30-day mortality was 8.22% overall, lower in Group A (1.43% vs 14.47%, p=0.02). Mortality and major adverse cardiac events (MACE) rates at 4 years were significantly lower in Group A (9.64% vs 33.25%, p=0.001, and 24.06% vs 40.11%, p=0.012, respectively). Target lesion revascularization (TLR) at 4 year didn’t differ between groups (15% in Group A vs 12.76% in Group B, p=0.5).Conclusions: In our study patients with ULMCAD and ACS undergoing PCI had higher early and long-term mortality and MACE rates compared to patients with stable angina, with similar TLR rate at 4-year follow-up.
SOUHRNPacienti s těžkou stenózou kmene levé koronární tepny (left main stem, LMS) jsou vzhledem k rozsahu postižení myokardu ve velmi vysokém riziku závažných kardiovaskulárních příhod. Po třech letech dosahuje mortalita farmakologicky léčených nemocných s významnou stenózou LMS 50 %. Za zlatý standard léčby významné stenózy LMS, zvláště při současném postižení několika koronárních tepen, je považován aortokoronární bypass (CABG). Řada studií prokázala, že perkutánní koronární intervence (PCI) může u pacientů pečlivě vybraných týmem kardiologů a kardiochirurgů představovat bezpečnou a účinnou alternativu CABG, s podobnou výslednou mortalitou. Výsledky PCI na LMS se díky neustále dále vyvíjeným technikám PCI a používáním novějších generací lékových stentů trvale zlepšují. Tyto výsledky mohou navíc dále zlepšovat nově zaváděné různé invazivní zobrazovací metody (intravaskulární ultrazvuk nebo optická koherenční tomografi e), případně různé způsoby vyšetření hemodynamických poměrů (frakční průtoková rezerva). Tyto novinky v oblasti PCI LMS mohou v budoucnu vést ke změnám současných doporučených postupů v léčbě postižení kmene levé koronární tepny. ABSTRACTThe patients with severe left main stem (LMS) stenosis have a very high risk of major cardiovascular events because of the extent of ischaemic myocardium. At 3rd year, the mortality rate for patients with signifi cant LMS stenosis treated medically is 50%. Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is considered the gold standard for the treatment of complex LMS stenosis, especially if it is associated with multivessel coronary disease. Many studies have showed that percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) can be a safe and effi cient alternative to CABG in carefully selected patients by the Heart Team, with similar mortality rates. The LMS PCI results have been continuously improved by the new PCI techniques developed and by the use of newer generation drug eluting stents. Furthermore, different invasive imagistic methods (intravascular ultrasound or optical coherence tomography) or haemodynamic assessment tools (fractional fl ow reserve) can improve the LMS PCI results. With those new developments in the technique of LMS PCI, the current guidelines about the treatment of left main coronary artery disease can be modifi ed in the future. Klíčová slova: Aortokoronární bypass Intravaskulární ultrazvuk Kmen levé koronární tepny Lékový stent Perkutánní koronární intervence Please cite this article as: L.M. Predescu, et al., Current treatment of left main coronary artery disease, Cor et Vasa 58 (2016) e328-e339 as published in the online version of Cor et Vasa available at
Cardiovascular manifestations of tertiary syphilis infections are uncommon, but represent an important cause of mortality and morbidity. Syphilitic aortitis is characterized by aortic regurgitation, dilatation of ascending aorta and ostial coronary artery lesions.We report a case of 36 years old man admitted to our hospital for acute anterior ST segment elevation myocardial infarction complicated with cardiogenic shock (hypotension 75/50 mmHg). Transthoracic echocardiography revealed a dilated left ventricle with severe systolic dysfunction (ejection fraction = 25%), severe mitral regurgitation, moderate aortic regurgitation and mildly dilated ascending aorta. Coronary angiography showed a severe ostial lesion of left main coronary artery which was treated by urgent stent implantation and an intra-aortic contrapulsation balloon was implanted. Blood tests for syphilitic infection were positive. The patient was discharged with treatment including benzathine penicillin.In our case, we present an acute manifestation of a syphilitic ostial left main stenosis treated by primary percutaneous coronary intervention in acute myocardial infarction. Long term follow-up of the patient is crucial as a result of potential rapid in-stent restenosis caused by continuous infection of the ascending aorta.This case is particular because it shows that syphilitic aortitis can be diagnosed in acute settings, like ST segment elevation myocardial infarction.
Descending thoracic aortic aneurysm rupture is a life-threatening disease associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Treatment in these cases is a surgical emergency. Less invasive therapies for the treatment of this pathology have been developed over time. For descending thoracic aneurysm rupture, endovascular stent grafting is less invasive, life-saving, and a unique alternative to open repair. However, this approach is subject to anatomical and logistic limitations. The purpose of the present study is to report a case of an emergency endovascular repair for a ruptured thoracic aortic aneurysm in a patient with peripheral arterial disease, and to discuss some important issues related to this approach. Severe calcifications were discovered in this patient on both iliac arteries, and the remaining circulated lumen was less than 2 to 3 mm. Unfortunately, only catheter insertion into the left iliac artery for angiography was able to determine the development of a dissection in the arterial wall. We decided to dilate both iliac arteries with partial stabilization of the dissection on the right iliac artery which allowed us to successfully continue the endovascular procedure. After 24 hours, the patient experienced right limb ischemia, and revascularization of the affected limb was achieved by performing a right axillofemoral bypass.
Background Left main percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has been established as an effective and safe treatment option for left main coronary artery disease. There are data suggesting that different stent platforms can impact the outcomes after left main PCI. The aim of current study was to compare the four-year outcomes of patients with left main stenosis treated by PCI with a balloon-expandable stent or a self-apposing stent. Methods and Results A total of 146 patients with left main stenosis treated by PCI were included, of which 84 (57.5%) had balloon-expandable stents (Group A) and 62 (42.5%) had self-apposing stents (Group B). Baseline SYNTAX scores were higher in Group A than in Group B. Proximal optimization technique was used more often in Group A (45.2% in Group B vs 81.4% in Group A, p<0.001). The same observations were made for kissing balloon postdilation (30.6% Group B vs 62.7% in Group A, p<0.001). Procedural success with TIMI 3 flow was achieved in similar proportions in both groups. Mortality rate and MACE rates at 4-year follow-up were higher in Group B compared to Group A but have not reached statistical significance in univariable or multivariable analysis. Implantation of a self-apposing stent has been an independent predictor for target lesion revascularization rate (TLR) in multivariable analysis (HR 0.06, CI − 1.11–11.7, =0.03). Conclusions In our study, TLR rate was significantly higher in patients with left main lesion treated by PCI with self-apposing stents.
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