Herein, we investigated whether subdiaphragmatic vagotomy has benefits on obesity, body glucose homeostasis, and insulin secretion in cafeteria (CAF)-obese rats. Wistar rats were fed a standard or CAF diet for 12 weeks. Subsequently, CAF rats were randomly submitted to truncal vagotomy (CAF Vag) or sham operation (CAF Sham). CAF Sham rats were hyperphagic, obese, and presented metabolic disturbances, including hyperinsulinemia, glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, and hypertriglyceridemia. Twelve weeks after vagotomy, CAF Vag rats presented reductions in body weight and perigonadal fat stores. Vagotomy did not modify glucose tolerance but normalized fed glycemia, insulinemia, and insulin sensitivity. Isolated islets from CAF Sham rats secreted more insulin in response to the cholinergic agent, carbachol, and when intracellular cyclic adenine monophosphate (cAMP) is enhanced by forskolin or 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine. Vagotomy decreased glucose-induced insulin release due to a reduction in the cholinergic action on β-cells. This effect also normalized islet secretion in response to cAMP. Therefore, vagotomy in rats fed on a CAF-style diet effectively decreases adiposity and restores insulin sensitivity. These effects were mainly associated with the lack of cholinergic action on the endocrine pancreas, which decreases insulinemia and may gradually reduce fat storage and improve insulin sensitivity.

PURPOSE:To evaluate the effects of duodenal-jejunal bypass (DJB) on serum and hepatic profiles of obese rats fed on a western diet (WD). METHODS:Twenty eight male Wistar rats were fed a standard rodent chow diet (CTL group) or WD ad libitum. After 10 weeks, WD rats were submitted to sham (WD SHAM) or duodenal-jejunal bypass (WD DJB). Body weight, fat pad depots, glycemia, insulinemia, HOMA-IR, TyG, lipids profile and hepatic analyses were evaluated two months after surgery. RESULTS:The WD SHAM group presented greater obesity, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, hypertriglyceridemia and hepatic steatosis than the CTL group. WD DJB rats presented decreased serum glucose and insulin resistance, when compared to WD SHAM animals, without changes in insulinemia. In addition, DJB surgery normalized serum TG and attenuated TG accumulation and steatosis in the liver of the WD DJB group. Hepatic ACC and FAS protein expressions were similar in all groups.CONCLUSION: Duodenal-jejunal bypass attenuates hepatic parameters of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in obese rats fed on a western diet.

DJB surgery improves fasting glycemia and insulin action in skeletal muscle. Better endocrine pancreatic morphofunction was associated, at least in part, with the regulation of the cholinergic and cAMP pathways, and improvements in syntaxin-1 islet protein content induced by DJB.

ABSTRACT. The present study investigated the effects of short-chain fructooligosaccharides (scFOS) feeding on body weight, fat accumulation, glucose homeostasis and lipid profile in cafeteria (CAF) obese rats. Male Wistar rats were divided randomly into two groups: control group (CTL, n = 10), which received a chow diet and water and CAF (n = 20), which received the cafeteria diet, standard chow and soda. After 30 weeks of diet, 10 animals of CAF group received scFOS in the diet (50 g kg -1of diet) over a period of 50 days, forming the CAF FOS group. Were evaluated the body weight, fat pad as well as, quantity of feces, glucose tolerance, insulin resistance (IR) and serum lipids levels. Animals submitted to the CAF diet displayed obesity, hyperglycemia, glucose intolerance, hyperinsulinemia and IR. The scFOS feeding not altered obesity, glucose intolerance, hyperinsulinemia and IR. CAF rats also presented hypertriglyceridemia and lower levels of HDLcholesterol. The CAF FOS animals had reduced serum triglycerides (TG) and increased HDLcholesterol. Thus, the use of scFOS in the diet can be considered as a hypolipidemic agent in the obese state.Keywords: fructooligosaccharides. obesity. cafeteria diet. triglycerides. HDL-cholesterol.Frutooligossacarídeos de cadeia curta na dieta não altera homeostase glicêmica, porém melhora o perfil lipídico em ratos obesos RESUMO. O presente estudo investigou os efeitos da adição de frutooligossacarídeos de cadeia curta (scFOS) sobre o peso corporal, acúmulo de gordura, homeostase glicêmica e perfil lipídico em ratos obesos pela dieta de cafeteria (CAF). Ratos Wistar foram divididos em dois grupos: controle (CTL, n = 10), que receberam dieta padrão e água e CAF, que receberam dieta de CAF, ração padrão e refrigerante (n = 20). Após 30 semanas, dez animais do grupo CAF receberam 50 g kg -1de dieta de scFOS na ração padrão durante 50 dias, formando o grupo CAF FOS. Foram avaliados o peso corporal e o peso das gorduras, bem como, quantidade de fezes, homeostase glicêmica e concentração de lipídios séricos. Animais do grupo CAF apresentaram obesidade, hiperglicemia, intolerância à glicose, hiperinsulinemia e RI. A adição scFOS não alterou a obesidade, intolerância à glicose, hiperinsulinemia e RI no grupo CAF FOS comparado ao grupo CAF. Animais CAF também apresentaram hipertrigliceridemia e redução na concentração de HDLcolesterol. Os animais CAF FOS apresentaram redução na concentração sérica de triglicerídeos (TG) e aumento no HDL-colesterol. Desta forma, a utilização de scFOS na dieta pode ser considerado como um agente hipolipidêmico nos estados de obesidade.Palavras-chave: frutooligossacarídeos. obesidade. dieta de cafeteria. Triglicerídeos. HDL-colesterol.

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