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ABSTRACT. This study evaluated the antagonistic potential of 32 wild yeast isolates from coffee and cocoa bean fermentation. These yeasts were inoculated in co-cultivation with Aspergillus carbonarius (CCDCA 10608 and CCDCA 10408) and Aspergillus ochraceus (CCDCA 10612) isolated from grapes and coffee beans. The mycelial growth and ochratoxin A (OTA) production were evaluated, and the spores were counted after cultivation at 28°C for seven days. The yeasts presented higher inhibitory effects (53% in relation to the control) over the mycelial growth of the isolated A. ochraceus (CCDCA10612). Pichia anomala CCMA0148 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae CCMA0159 provided the greatest inhibition of the growth of all fungal strains. All Pichia species presented the highest inhibitory effects on the production of spores, and S. cerevisiae CCMA 0159 at concentrations of both 10 4 and 10 7 mL -1 cells inhibited the production of spores by 100%. Rhodotorula mucilaginosa was effective at inhibiting OTA production by the three isolates of Aspergillus. S. cerevisiae CCMA0159 and Pichia anomala CCMA0148 showed high potential as biocontrol agents in the conditions tested.

ResumoA crescente preocupação mundial em se desenvolver de maneira sustentável incentiva a busca por alternativas na produção de energia. Esse cenário proporciona a busca de diferentes tecnologias adequadas para transformar os resíduos em produtos novamente utilizáveis e, assim, evitarem futuros problemas ecológicos e econômicos. Diante deste panorama, esse trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar como alguns tipos de resíduos gerados a partir de atividades desenvolvidas pelo homem podem ser reutilizados de diferentes maneiras. Esses resíduos poderão ser convertidos em uma fonte de energia alternativa ou serem utilizados como fertilizante natural, transformando-se em um material de alto valor agregado. A reutilização de resíduos contribuirá para a diminuição de problemas ambientais como o aquecimento global. Desta forma, para se obter um desenvolvimento sustentável é necessário a reutilização de resíduos e trabalhos de conscientização.Palavras-chave: Biodigestores; Energia alternativa; Sustentabilidade. AbstractThe growing global concern to develop sustainably encourages the search for alternative ways of producing energy. This scenario provides the search for different suitable technologies to transform waste into usable products and thus avoid future ecological and economic problems. In this panorama, this work aims to present some types of waste that are generated from activities developed by man and how they can be reused in different ways. These residues could be converted into an alternative energy source or used as natural fertilizer to become a high added value material. The reuse of waste will contribute to the reduction of environmental problems such as global warming. In this way, to achieve sustainable development, it is necessary to reuse waste and raise awareness.

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Fungi, yeasts and bacteria produce volatile compounds during their metabolism. In this study, the volatile compounds produced by yeast strains (Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa) and fungal strains (Aspergillus carbonarius and Aspergillus ochraceus) during competitive interactions were investigated by solid‐phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Fifty‐six volatile compounds were identified representing alcohols, aldehydes, esters, ketones, aromatic compounds, acids, furans, phenols, and nitrogen compounds, being the largest amount in the class of esters and alcohols. Eight compounds were identified only in interactive culture conditions such as 2‐amino‐1‐propanol, isopropylamine, dimethylamine, pentyl propanoate, ethyl‐2‐aminopropanoate, acetone, oxalic acid, and β‐elemene and five of these were produced in cocultures including A. carbonarius. These will be developed for future biotechnological applications such as in the pharmaceutical and biological industry to produce drugs. Antimicrobial and antifungal activities; Solvent and herbicide; flavoring ingredient; solvent, plastic synthesis, nail polish remover and thinner, pesticide and herbicide; important in the complexation of minerals in the soil; and plant‐environment interactions, defending predators, pathogens, and competitors.