Objetivo: o conhecimento das principais causas de perda visual aguda possibilita o diagnóstico precoce do paciente, o que favorece o tratamento mais rápido e eficaz, a fim de preservar a acuidade visual. Neste artigo de revisão, as principais causas não infeciosas e não oriundas da mácula são abordadas, a fim de buscar e revisar os tópicos mais pertinentes sobre cada tema, como as manifestações clínicas e os tratamentos mais utilizados. Métodos: trata-se de uma revisão de literatura, com 30 artigos selecionados e revisados da plataforma MEDLINE. Resultados: as causas de perda visual aguda discutidas são cinco. Primeiro, as por baixa acuidade visual, súbita, unilateral, sem dor e sem hiperemia: hemorragia vítrea, descolamento de retina, oclusão vascular de retina e neuropatia óptica isquêmica anterior. Posteriormente, por baixa acuidade visual, súbita, unilateral, com dor e sem hiperemia: neurite óptica. Por meio deste estudo, alguns fatores de risco podem ser evidenciados e os principais tratamentos destacados. Conclusão: o diagnóstico precoce das perdas visuais agudas deve ser realizado, com os exames físicos adequados, como a fundoscopia e os exames complementares necessários solicitados. Além disso, o encaminhamento ao oftalmologista é de extrema importância para minimizar sequelas e evitar complicações.

Background: Studies have shown a higher incidence of dry eye among patients with diabetes compared to patients without diabetes. However, information regarding dry eye in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy and laser therapy indication is not sufficient. Objective: To estimate the clinical manifestation of dry eye syndrome in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy and laser therapy indication. Method: A cross-sectional study was performed during a local evaluation campaign of diabetic patients with vision disabilities at the Instituto Cearense de Oftalmologia in Fortaleza, CE, Brazil. Patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy and laser therapy indication were included in the study. An anamnesis directly to dry eye complaints was performed, and eligible participants completed the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire. The slit lamp examination was performed with fluorescein staining; the tear break-up time (TBUT) was measured, and conjunctiva and corneal was evaluated using Rose Bengal (RB) staining. Finally, the Schirmer I test was performed. Results: Twenty-five patients were included in the study with a diagnostic time of Diabetes Mellitus ranged from 1 to 35 years, with an average of 17.2 ± 8.7 years. In our sample, 14 patients (56%) reported glycemic control with insulin, while 11 patients (44%) had oral hypoglycemic agents. The most prevalent complaint was blurred vision (96% of patients) followed by low visual acuity (92%). A less prevalent complaint was pain (44%). The mean OSDI score was 49.4 ± 24.2. TBUT was less than 10 seconds in 21 patients (84%), and RB staining grade was more than 3 in 13 patients (52%). The results of the Schirmer I test ranged from 2 to 35 mm, with a mean of 13.57 ± 9.78 mm. It was smaller than 10 mm in 15 patients (60%). Conclusion: The frequency of manifestation of dry eye syndrome was very common in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy and laser therapy indication. Ocular surface care should be provided for those patients with significant ocular morbidity.

: The use of psychoactive substances is a phenomenon broadly discussed and nowadays has reached the dimension of a great epidemic, it. On the other hand, the compulsory hospitalization has been strongly recommended to treat those patients something that has provided an important debate from different points of view about how to proceed. psychoactive substances and attempt to understand their perceptions on compulsory hospitalization.: A qualitative-quantitative, exploratory in a SPSS 2.0 software and the interviews were recorded and transcribed transferring data to the Collective Subject Discourse software. : The people interviewed were all low-skilled, mean age 32.76 years and positioned themselves mostly against compulsory hospitalization. This point of view is corroborated in literature by lawyers and class entities which diverge from the health professionals and the opinion of family members, who mostly agree : Most users of psychoactive substances positioned themselves against the compulsory hospitalization, although admitting some exceptions in adopting this procedure.Psychoactive substances. Alcohol. Drugs. Compulsory hospitalization.situação. Por outro lado, cada vez mais vem sendo proposta a internação compulsória para tratamento desses pacientes, o que tem gerado um amplo debate : Estudo quali-quantitativo, exploratório e transversal realizado em psicossocial e responderam a uma entrevista com quatro perguntas abertas sobre o tema. Dados psicossociais foram armazenados no software SPSS 2.0 e as entrevistas gravadas e transcritas com transferência dos dados para o software do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo.: Os entrevistados eram todos de : A maioria dos Substâncias psicoativas. Álcool. Drogas. Hospitalização compulsória.

RESUMOIntrodução: O trauma ocular consiste em uma lesão de extensão, intensidade e gravidade variáveis, que pode ser produzida por agentes físicos, químicos ou elétricos, capaz de produzir repercussão permanente, como a baixa acuidade visual. Ele representa a principal causa de cegueira unilateral em grupos etários pediátrico, especialmente em países em desenvolvimento. Objetivo: Aumentar o conhecimento dos profissionais da área da saúde sobre as principais causas do trauma ocular e as condutas ideais a serem realizadas. trauma ocularResultado e discussão: As principal causas de trauma aberto e fechado e as condutas a serem administradas pelos profissionais em cada caso são citadas de acordo com o momento do atendimento, pré-hospitalar e hospitalar. ABSTRACTIntroduction: Eye trauma is a lesion of varying length, intensity and severity, which can be produced by physical, chemical or electrical agents, capable of producing permanent repercussion, such as low visual acuity. It represents the leading cause of unilateral blindness in pediatric age groups, especially in developing countries.