* Autor a quien debe ser dirigida la correspondencia.Recibido Jul. 4, 2016; Aceptado Sep. 6, 2016; Versión final Nov. 4, 2016, Publicado Abr. 2017 Resumen Con el propósito de abordar diversos desafíos que enfrenta la logística humanitaria, se identificó la configuración de la red de ayuda humanitaria de la ciudad de Manizales, Colombia y luego se analizó utilizando la teoría de grafos como componente del análisis de redes sociales. La logística humanitaria enfrenta varios desafíos debido a las circunstancias adversas en las cuales se desarrolla. En particular, la coordinación entre actores ha sido identificada como uno de los mayores problemas cuando ocurre un desastre. La configuración de la red permitió determinar la estructura general y algunas características particulares de la red objeto estudio. Se identificaron tres actores de relevancia y la existencia de cuatro comunidades dentro de la estructura general de la red. Así mismo, se evidenció la baja densidad de la red, la cual constituye un aspecto importante a considerar en la formulación de políticas públicas en torno a las capacidades para la atención de desastres. Palabras clave: logística humanitaria; ayuda humanitaria; gestión del riesgo de desastres; redes sociales; teoría de grafos Identification and Analysis of a Humanitarian Aid Network. A Case Study AbstractWith the purpose of addressing the several challenges that humanitarian logistics faces, the configuration of the humanitarian aid of Manizales city (Colombia) was identified and graph theory as a component of social network analysis was used. Humanitarian logistics faces these challenges due to adverse circumstances in which it takes place. In particular, coordination between actors has been identified as one of the biggest problems in this field of study. As a result, the overall structure and some particular network characteristics were determined. Also, the three most important actors and the existence of four communities were identified. The low network density was detected as one of the main problems, which constitutes an important aspect to consider in public policy formulation on disaster remediation.

ResumenEl presente artículo presenta el diseño y aplicación de una metodología que integra y aprovecha las ventajas de tres enfoques, usualmente aplicados en forma independiente, para mejorar la calidad de los productos reduciendo su variabilidad funcional. Los enfoques son, la función de pérdida de la calidad (QLF), el control estadístico multivariante de procesos (MSPC) y el control ingenieril de procesos (EPC). La mejora de la calidad de los productos se puede lograr mediante la detección e intervención de las causas comunes y asignables de variación que afectan el proceso. La metodología usada permite integrar perspectivas cualitativas y cuantitativas en la selección de las características críticas de calidad del producto. Se exponen los resultados de su aplicación en una empresa piloto del sector de alimentos, en la cual se logró una reducción del 52.49% en la variabilidad. Palabras AbstractThe present paper presents the design and application of a methodology that integrates three approaches, usually applied in an independent way, to enhance the quality of products by reducing their functional variability. The three methods are Quality Loss Function (QLF), Multivariate Statistical Process Control (MSPC) and Engineering Process Control (EPC). Improving product quality is achieved by the detection and control of the common and assignable causes of variation affecting the process. The methodology also allows integrating qualitative and quantitative perspectives for the selection of the critical-to-quality characteristics. By applying the methodology in a food company, a variability reduction of 52.49% was achieved.

Strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa Duch.) is a commercially important crop with high water requirements, for which it is necessary to find strategies that mitigate the influence of water deficit on plant growth. This study was aimed to evaluate the effects of shading on the vegetative growth of strawberry cv. Sweet Ann under water deficit. The treatments consisted of the combination of two levels of shading (light intensity reduced on 47% vs. non-shaded plants) and two levels of water availability (water deficit vs. well-watered plants). The water deficit reduced the leaf water potential from −1.52 to −2.21 MPa, and diminished stomatal conductance, net photosynthetic rate (from 9.13 to 2.5 μmol m−2 s−1), photosystem II photochemical efficiency (from 0.79 to 0.67), and biomass accumulation, while increased the electrolyte leakage. The shading allowed the water-deficient plants to maintain water potential (−1.58 MPa) and photosystem II efficiency (0.79) and to increase water use efficiency (from 14.80 to 86.90 μmol CO2/mmol H2O), net photosynthetic rate (from 2.40 to 9.40 μmol m−2 s−1) and biomass of leaves, crowns, and roots compared to non-shaded plants without water limitation. These results suggest that a reduction in incident light intensity attenuates the effects of stomatic and non-stomatic limitations caused by water deficit during vegetative growth of strawberry.