A internação prolongada de usuários de drogas em Comunidades Terapêuticas (CT) tem se tornado política pública. O objetivo deste estudo foi conhecer e analisar o funcionamento cotidiano de uma CT, considerando as atividades desenvolvidas, as relações estabelecidas e o processo de intervenção. Foram realizadas cinco visitas a uma CT, sendo estas registradas em caderno de campo. As anotações foram analisadas buscando-se compreender características discursivas do funcionamento destas e do impacto na subjetividade. As atividades desenvolvidas eram laborterapia e atividades grupais, sendo explorada a crença religiosa cristã. As relações eram hierarquizadas, com uso de estratégias de controle, culpabilização e confrontação. As atividades posicionavam os usuários como impulsivos, dependentes e desviantes. Não era levada em consideração a influência, nas trajetórias de vida, do pouco acesso aos bens de consumo e de cidadania, sendo a problemáti -ca da droga tratada apenas como algo interno, justificando as tentativas para reconstruir a identidade do usuário. Abstract Keywords Therapeutic Community Drug Use HospitalizationProlonged hospitalization of drug users in Therapeutic Communities (TC) has become a public policy in Brazil. The aim of this study was to understand and analyze the functioning of a TC, considering the activities carried out there, the relationships established and the intervention process. Five visits to a TC were carried out. These visits were registered in a field diary. The notes were analyzed seeking to understand discursive features of the functioning of the TC and the impact of its functioning on the subjectivity of the users. The activities were labor therapy and group activities, and the Christian religious believes were explored. Relations were hierarchical, using strategies of control, confrontation and construction of guilt. Activities positioned the users as impulsive, addicts and deviants. The influence of the limited access to consumer goods and citizenship rights in the life trajectories of the users were not taken into consideration. Their problems with drugs were treated only as something internal, creating only strategies towards reconstructing the user's identity.Capellato Melo, Mariane & Mendonça Corradi-Webster, Clarissa (2016). Análise do funcionamento de comunidade terapêutica para usuários de drogas. Athenea Digital, 16(3), 379-399. http://dx.doi.org/10.5565/rev/athenea.2012 Introdução O uso de drogas constitui-se como um fenômeno presente ao longo da história (Torcato, 2014). Entretanto, sentidos negativos sobre este uso (danoso, imoral, fraqueza) vêm fundamentando práticas combativas, aparadas pelos discursos moral, religioso e o psiquiátrico asilar. Com estes discursos, pessoas que fazem determinados usos de drogas foram sendo consideradas desviantes da norma, havendo um processo de exclusão social e de ausência de cuidados que as atingem continuamente, principalmente as populações de periferia, pobres e negras (Fernandes & Fuzinatto, 2012; Ministério da Saúde, 379
There is a growing number of women who use drugs. Furthermore, the responsibility for family care is still attributed solely to women. This study aimed to describe the meanings constructed regarding mothering by women in treatment for drug use. This qualitative and descriptive study, with a social constructionist intelligibility, was developed with women in treatment at the Centro de Atenção Psicosocial -Álcool e Drogas of Ribeirão Preto, Brazil. Eight life story thematic interviews were carried out. The analysis resulted in four themes: 1) Mothering as the woman's choice; 2) Learning with drug consumption experiences and using this to warn and educate children; 3) Drug consumption interfering in mothering and 4) Drug consumption understood in different ways throughout the treatment. The meanings attributed to mothering consist of moral and gender discourses regarding the responsibilities attributed to women and the difficulties solely attributed to their drug use. Keywords
Mental health assistance and specifically problematic alcohol and drug use care has been neglected by state policies for a long time. Nowadays, there are different sorts of possible treatments for problematic drug use, however, the current public policies has grown funding for Therapeutic Communities (TC) inpatient treatment. This study aims to comprehend the constructed meanings regarding Therapeutic Communities inpatient treatment experienced by patients whose had been treated by this kind of strategy and now are under treatment on Centro de Átenção Psicosocial-Álcool e Drogas of Ribeirão Preto (CAPS-AD).To achieve this, semi-structured interviews were conducted with people on treatment in a CAPS-AD Ribeirão Preto-SP, who have undergone at least one inpatient experience on Therapeutic Communities. A thematic-categorial analysis was carried out using social constructionist epistemology as reference, taking into account the influence of the long-time, short-time and lived-time in the production of meanings. The discussion held dialogued with the literature on the Brazilian psychiatric reform. The project was approved by the Research Ethics Committee, respecting the ethical criteria of Resolution No. 466 of December 12, 2012. The presented analysis and results were based on 10 interviews, being constructed four categories: 1) Therapeutic Communities and equipment of psychosocial care network; 2) Memorable moments as triggers of inpatient admission decision and their expectations; 3) Operation of Therapeutic Communities; and 4) The output of the Therapeutic Community: decision and experiences in society. The public policies fostering funding for TCs, has invested in an understudied model and acts in contradiction with the guidelines of the Brazilian Psychiatric Reform. The TCs works only with the perspective of abstinence treatment, proposing as key interventions: domestic, field (larbotheraphy) and spiritual activities. There is a social construction based on moral-religious and legal discourse that extended inpatient stays would be a resolution for problems related to drug use, and this has made the CTs privileged by public funding. However, TCs users and their family members are constantly deceived and exposed to violence (coercion, enforcement and punishment). It has disregarded the complexity of this field, impacting the way drug users are described and describe themselves.
Mariane Capellato Melo 2 3 , Orcid: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4485-1002 Clarissa Mendonça Corradi-Webster², Orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0002- RESUMO. As comunidades terapêuticas têm sido um dispositivo muito utilizado para o tratamento de pessoas que fazem uso problemático de drogas. Este estudo teve como objetivo compreender os sentidos construídos sobre a internação em comunidades terapêuticas por pessoas que passaram por estas instituições. Estudo qualitativo, descritivo, com referencial teórico construcionista social. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com dez indivíduos que passaram por internações. Com a técnica de análise temática foram construídos três temas: 1) rede de atenção psicossocial e os espaços de reclusão, que aborda as restrições vividas ao longo de todo processo de internação nas CTs, e destaca alguns repertórios utilizados para se referir ao tratamento nesta; 2) a naturalização da reclusão como ideal de cuidado, tema que discute como as CTs e o distanciamento social são construídos como percursos inevitáveis para as pessoas que fazem uso de drogas, naturalizando processos de violações de direitos que ocorrem e as possibilidades de cuidado oferecidas; 3) o que resta depois da reclusão, tema que trata da complexidade relacionada à saída da internação e os desafios ampliados pelo despreparo das instituições e da ausência de uma rede de apoio que auxilie no processo. Apesar das CTs serem descritas como espaço de reclusão e de punição e dos desafios encontrados pelos usuários após a internação, o tratamento é naturalizado como percurso inevitável na vida do usuário de drogas. O uso problemático de álcool e outras drogas é um campo de muita complexidade (social, saúde, cultural e econômico), o foco em modelos de internação longa tem propiciado diferentes formas de exclusão e violações, ao mesmo tempo em que desinvestem em práticas que abranjam a complexidade da questão.Palavras-chave: Comunidade terapêutica; internação; rede de atenção psicossocial.ABSTRACT. Therapeutic Communities are a resource frequently used in the treatment of problematic drug use. This study aimed to comprehend the meanings constructed by people that had undergone internation in Therapeutic Communities. This was a 1 Apoio e financiamento: Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (Fapesp processo 2014/07897-9).
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