No abstract

Esta revisión recoge 69 estudios sociofonéticos sobre el habla con pluma masculina para poner en perspectiva qué parámetros acústicos caracterizan tanto a los hablantes homosexuales como a aquellos que, independientemente de su orientación sexual, son percibidos como hablantes con pluma. La muestra de estudios seleccionada recoge un total de 13 lenguas, algunas con un gran número de variedades dialectales, como es el caso del inglés o del español. En muchas de estas lenguas se han hallado diferencias significativas en la producción o percepción del habla gay para la frecuencia fundamental, para F1 y F2 de algunas vocales, y para las características espectrales y la duración de algunas fricativas sibilantes. No obstante, la disparidad de resultados no permite identificar un conjunto claro de parámetros asociados al habla con pluma. Los rasgos que caracterizan el habla con pluma en una determinada comunidad de habla pueden no coincidir con los de otra, puesto que la forma en que se construye socialmente la identidad gay varía en cada lugar. Finalmente, se propone analizar el habla con pluma desde una perspectiva multimodal en variedades concretas de diferentes lenguas, entre ellas el español, para minimizar la disparidad de resultados y reflejar más fielmente las interacciones comunicativas cotidianas.

Voice quality derived from long-term laryngeal settings stands out as a potentially individualizing trait of speakers. This places it in an advantageous situation with respect to other phonetic parameters used in forensic linguistics. However, anyone confronted with its analysis will immediately run into a methodological difficulty stemming from its inherently multidimensional nature. In this lies its main disadvantage and the fundamental reason why its analysis is not always considered in the traditional approach used in the comparison of speakers for identification purposes. Based on an experimental inquiry on voice disguised by means of falsetto, this study shows that it is possible to work with a reduced set of laryngeal features responsible for voice quality and facilitate its interpretation and explanation, which is a critical issue for forensic practice.

The alteration of phonation modes may affect speaker identification, but it is not known to what extent changes in register can compromise discrimination in each case. To answer this question, specifically with respect to falsetto voice, a perception experiment was designed using disguised voice in order to analyze the listeners’ reaction to stimuli that differed only with respect to phonation modes. Results were significant, suggesting that falsetto voice does not compromise speaker recognition. In addition to the perception experiment, the chapter also provides a detailed analysis of the temporal aspects of each mode and the biomechanical behavior of the vocal folds. Connecting the perception experiment to the production analysis allows us, first, to know which parameters have been altered, and which have not, during the register shift to falsetto voice and, secondly, to discuss what perceptive weight such parameters may have on the recognition of individual voice quality.