(6), Teresa Silva do Rosario (2), Mireia Ambrós Hortensi (3) y Grupo del proyecto ITÍNERE (7).(1) Secretaría del Plan Nacional sobre el Sida. RESUMENFundamento: Los estudios de cohortes permiten monitorizar el impacto del uso de drogas sobre la salud, e identificar los factores condicionantes. El objetivo de este trabajo es describir la metodología y las características básicas de una cohorte de consumidores de heroína diseñada con este fin.Métodos: Participaron 991 jóvenes consumidores de heroína, seleccionados en la comunidad en Barcelona, Madrid y Sevilla, principalmente mediante nominación de otros participantes (39,7%) o de consumidores o exconsumidores no participantes (44,7%). Se administró un cuestionario con ordenador y se recogió una muestra de sangre en papel secante. También se registraron sus medidas antropométricas. Se remuneró a participantes y captadores. Se usaron métodos estadísticos uni y bivariados.Resultados: Un 42,4% había cambiado alguna vez de vía principal de administración de heroína, sobre todo hacia la inyección en Barcelona y hacia la vía pulmonar en Sevilla. Un 75,8% (Barcelona), 49,8% (Madrid), y 15,5% (Sevilla) se habían inyectado drogas en los últimos 12 meses. En Madrid y Sevilla un 96%-97% consumían la heroína sólo en forma de base, y en Barcelona predominaba la heroína-clorhidrato. Frecuentemente mezclaban heroína y cocaína en la misma dosis (generalmente cocaína-base en Madrid y Sevilla, y cocaína-clorhidrato en Barcelona). ABSTRACT Cohort Study Methodology of the ITINERE Project on Heroin Users in Three Spanish Cities and Main Characteristics of the ParticipantsBackground: Cohort studies make it possible to monitor the health impact of drug use and to identify related factors. We describe the methodology and baseline characteristics of a cohort of heroin users designed with this objective.
Lung cancer is currently the most frequent cause of death from cancer worldwide, warranting periodic analysis of the development and results of strategies aimed at reducing the incidence, mortality and morbidity related to this disease in Spain. PREVENTIVE ASPECTS: Mortality reduction among men contrasts with the increase observed in women, reflecting changes in tobacco exposure in the last few decades. Prevention programs aimed specifically at women and youngsters should be developed. In addition, the current law of smoking prevention should be amplified and vigorously applied. ASPECTS RELATED TO EARLY DIAGNOSIS: So far, there is insufficient scientific evidence to initiate a population-based lung cancer screening program. Preferential health care circuits are required to guarantee coordination among centres and levels of care and to substantially reduce current delays in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with lung cancer. TREATMENT-RELATED ASPECTS: Therapeutic decisions in all lung cancer patients should be based on teamwork and scientific evidence. Palliative care deserves the same priority as oncological treatments. Lung cancer patients should participate more fully in therapeutic decisions. Better information systems are required for clinical assessment and research on this disease.
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