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BACKGROUND -In Brazil, it is still unknown who first discovers the cases of cutaneous melanoma. The understanding of our "finding patterns" could be used as a basis for public education programs and healthcare professional training. OBJECTIVE -To determine the role of patients in detecting lesions by themselves. METHODS -One hundred and nine patients were interviewed. The patients had a diagnosis of cutaneous melanoma and were regularly seen at the Melanoma Unit of Hospital Santa Casa de Misericórdia, in São Paulo. Other variables were considered to evaluate possible influences in the results: sex, age, marital status, schooling, family history of melanoma, site of the primary lesion and knowledge about skin cancer. RESULTS -Out of 109 interviewed patients, 54% had the lesion detected by themselves. Of those, 62% were female, 51% were aged under 60 years, 90% had no family history of melanoma, 78% had no knowledge about skin cancer, 59% were married and 52% concluded up to primary education. Out of the remaining 50 patients, 24% had their lesions detected by health professionals, 10% by their wives, 1% by their husbands and 11% by other people. CONCLUSION -Fifty-four percent of patients detected the lesion by themselves, and roughly 25% had the lesion detected by a lay person. These results are similar to those reported in the literature of developed countries. The clientele evaluated is attended by public healthcare services and the results lead to the conclusion that some influence of public health campaigns could already be noticed in Brazil

Twenty-two patients who received primary unicompartmental knee arthroplasties (21 medial and 1 lateral) were reoperated between 2001 and 2010 for partial or total replacement of their implant without using a TKA. Of the 21 patients (1 bilateral) reoperated for PE insert wear (11), PE fracture (3), infection (2), and loosening or malposition (6), 3 patients died and 2 were lost to follow up. The remaining 17 cases had their clinical scores significantly improved. Only one re-revision occurred and consisted of a simple change of PE insert at 9 years, on a very heavy and very active patient. It therefore seems possible and reasonable for now to continue partial or total replacement of unicompartmental knee arthroplasty by another unicompartmental knee arthroplasty without using a TKA.

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Infections caused by biofilm-forming agents have important implications for world health. Mixed infections, caused by more than one etiological agent, are also an emerging problem, especially regarding the standardization of effective diagnosis and treatment methods. Cases of mixed onychomycosis (OM) have been reported; however, studies on the microbial interactions between the different fungi in biofilms formed on nails are still scarce. We describe a case of mixed OM caused by the dermatophyte Trichophyton rubrum and the black yeast-like fungus Rhinocladiella similis. Identical growths of both fungi were observed in more than 50 cultures from different nail samples. Additionally, both species were able to form organized single and mixed biofilms, reinforcing the participation of both fungi in the etiology of this OM case. R. similis seemed to grow faster during the process, suggesting that T. rubrum benefits from biofilm development when in combination. Moreover, the biofilm of the Rhinocladiella isolate exhibited exacerbated production of the extracellular matrix, which was not observed with that of a Rhinocladiella reference strain, suggesting that the isolate had natural abilities that were possibly perfected during development in the nail of the patient.