Coming to terms with disease, chronic illness, and aging may be challenging for men who adhere to an inflexible gender schema. In this study of elder U.S. veterans' ideas about masculinity, we find that prostate cancer patients reaffirm a strongly moral normalizing discourse about "being a man" yet tend to separate roles and values from male physical and sexual attributes. Using systematic data collection methods taken from cognitive anthropology, we map veterans' schema of masculinity and examine the relative importance that cancer patients and non-patients give to gender attributes. The results demonstrate the complementarity between cognitive and narrative approaches in medical anthropology. This research also suggests the hypotheses that (1) coming to terms with iatrogenesis may involve a subtle reformulation of masculinity and that (2) men with a fixed view of masculinity may have worse health outcomes than do those who accept the changes accompanying their treatment for prostate cancer.

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA's) mission is to care for those who have borne the battle. As medical technology has advanced, more and more of our returning combat Veterans survive what would have been fatal wounds in previous conflicts ( Gawande, 2004 ). But survival is only the immediate goal-our job is to restore Veterans to the greatest level of health, independence, and quality of life that is medically possible. The VA is achieving this goal through close collaboration with the Department of Defense (DoD) to facilitate a smooth transition and continuum of care that ensures Veterans and Service Members receive the care they deserve. This article describes VA's system of Veteran-centered, post-combat care programs that rely on significant involvement of social workers to support Service Members, Veterans and their families through recovery, rehabilitation, and re-integration into their home communities.

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