As has been the case in many countries around the world, the new Norwegian curriculum from 2020 included programming as part of mathematics education. However, little is known about how prospective teachers perceive this addition in regard to their developing professional identities. When the results from an electronic survey of 394 prospective teachers showed unexpected findings, five of the subjects were asked to participate in a focus group interview in order to explore some of these results. The focus group interview was conducted to understand how prospective teachers considered the past, present and future aspects of their professional identities as teachers of mathematics through programming. The results reveal that, although the prospective teachers had little experience of programming, they were positive regarding its implementation in mathematics lessons because they identified themselves as digital natives; they therefore believed that learning to program would be easy. They aligned themselves with their students, as masters of technology, in contrast to their future colleagues, whom they implicitly described as digital immigrants. The findings of this study have implications for teacher education. Even if the prospective teachers have a positive attitude toward programming and consider themselves digitally competent, a limited understanding of how programming can be integrated into their mathematics teaching will affect the identities that they see for themselves as teachers who teach mathematics through programming.

Evaluering av den nasjonale etter- og videreutdanningsstrategien Kompetanse for kvalitet viser at lærere i videreutdanning deler lite av den nyervervede kunnskapen med kollegaer og ledelse, og at det i begrenset grad legges til rette for kunnskapsdeling fra skoleledelsens side. I Kunnskapsdepartementets (2011b) retningslinjer for Kompetanse for kvalitet understrekes den enkelte skole og skoleeier sitt ansvar for at kunnskapsdeling skal kunne gjennomføres ved videreutdanning. Denne ubalansen mellom utdanningsmyndighetenes krav og skolenes gjennomføring er utgangspunktet for denne studien; her undersøkes hvordan lærere i videreutdanning i engelsk og matematikk opplever at kunnskapsdeling med kollegaer innenfor et veldefinert læringsfellesskap kan påvirke deres kunnskapskultur. Studien har en kvalitativ tilnærming der empirien utgjøres av studentenes refleksjonstekster knyttet til deling av forskningsbasert kunnskap i et læringsfellesskap. Resultatene viser at lærerne og skolelederne har begrenset erfaring med slik kunnskapsdeling, men de opplever den som en helhetlig læringsprosess.  Studien viser indikasjoner på at denne form for læringsfellesskap initierer gode fagsamtaler. Det kan se ut som om dette læringsfelleskapet hvor teori og praksis møtes, hjelper videreutdanningsstudentene i teoretiseringsprosessen. I et læringsfellesskap hvor både klasserommet og fagfellesskapet inngår som utprøvingsareaer, kan det være et potensial for utvikling i kunnskapskulturen. Ifølge Ertsås og Irgens (2012) er det nettopp evnen til teoretisering i kunnskapsutviklingen som er den kritiske faktoren for at læreren skal kunne utvikle og begrunne sin praksis og slik framstå som en profesjonell yrkesutøver. Studien baserer seg på gjennomføring av èn planlagt samling for kunnskapsdeling, noe som kan være en begrensende faktor, og videre studier over tid er derfor nødvendig.Nøkkelord: videreutdanning, læringsfellesskap, kunnskapskultur, kunnskapsdeling, refleksjon, teoretiseringAbstractThis study investigates the extent to which professional development courses can have an impact on teachers’ collaborative culture of sharing new knowledge within a well-defined learning community. Since the implementation of the latest school reform in Norway in 2006, teachers have been offered courses within a national programme of continuing education in which the educational authorities aim to motivate teachers to build collaborative learning communities. The participants in this qualitative study were in-service teachers during their professional continuing education in either English or mathematics. They were asked to initiate a meeting for some colleagues, plan and give a presentation of newly acquired methodology and conduct a follow-up discussion. The data consists of twenty reflection texts written by primary and lower secondary school teachers subsequent to their performance. This textual documentary material has been analyzed from deductive, inductive and abductive perspectives. Our study reveals that teachers have limited experience of knowledge-sharing within a carefully designed framework as described; however, they voice a belief in the true potential of such learning communities. Furthermore, questioning their own teaching practice in the company of other professionals generates reflection, which seems to initiate theorizing of their implicit knowledge. The teachers acknowledge the significant impact that presenting to their colleagues has on their own understanding. In sum, the present study seems to provide evidence that learning communities where theory meets practice, elicit professional in-depth discussions, which are essential in moving teachers’ knowledge cultures from primarily involving the sharing of teaching experiences towards also including theoretical reasoning (Ertsås & Irgens, 2012). This study is based on one arrangement of sharing knowledge within a learning community; it is necessary to do more investigations over time.Key words: professional development, course design, learning community, knowledge culture, knowledge-sharing, reflection, theorizing

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Matematikkundervisning stiller krav til matematikkfaglig og matematikkdidaktisk kunnskap. Mens mange forskere har studert kunnskapen lærere har, eller den kunn­skapen de bruker i undervisningen, retter denne studien fokuset mot hvilke matematiske undervisningsutfordringer som er i fokus når lærere reflekterer over egen matematikk­undervisning, og hvilke deler av den profesjonelle kunnskapsbasen de trekker inn i refleksjonene. Andretrinnslærerne i denne studien reflekterer omkring mange sentrale matematiske undervisningsutfordringer, men det matematiske fokuset i refleksjonene er ofte uklart – selv når de reflekterer over undervisningsutfordringer som stiller krav til spesialisert matematisk kunnskap. Resultatene fra studien indikerer også at lærerne ofte bruker et upresist og hverdagslig språk når de reflekterer over egen matematikk­undervisning. Nøkkelord: matematiske undervisningsutfordringer, undervisningskunnskap, tallforståelse   Mathematics teachers’ reflections about experienced tasks of teaching   Abstract Teaching requires a special content knowledge as well as pedagogical content knowledge. Whereas many studies have investigated the knowledge teachers have or use in teaching, this study investigates what mathematical tasks of teaching that are in focus when teachers reflect on their own mathematics teaching, and what aspects of the professional knowledge base they draw upon. The second grade teachers in this study reflect on several core tasks of teaching mathematics, but their reflections tend to have an unclear mathematical focus — even when they reflect upon tasks of teaching that require specialized content knowledge. The results from this study also indicate that the language teachers use to reflect on their own mathematics teaching tends to lack precision and rigor. Keywords: mathematical tasks of teaching, mathematical knowledge for teaching, number sense