The risk factors for arterial ischemic stroke and cerebral sinovenous thrombosis in neonates are not well understood. We looked at gender, birthweight, and gestational age in neonates with arterial ischemic stroke and cerebral sinovenous thrombosis to see if there were trends suggesting that these were risk factors. We identified neonates with a gestational age at birth > or = 36 weeks and a diagnosis of arterial ischemic stroke or cerebral sinovenous thrombosis made by computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging during the neonatal period from a consecutive cohort study of children with arterial ischemic stroke and cerebral sinovenous thrombosis in Ontario. Data on gender, birthweight, and gestational age were obtained by health record review. Sixty-six children with neonatal arterial ischemic stroke were identified. Forty-one (62.1%; 95% CI 49.3-73.8%) were male. Thirty-two children with neonatal cerebral sinovenous thrombosis were identified. Twenty-five (78.1%; 95% CI 60.0-90.7%) were male. One male child was identified with both arterial ischemic stroke and cerebral sinovenous thrombosis. There was a trend toward higher than average birthweights among neonates with arterial ischemic stroke and a trend toward older gestational age in female neonates with arterial ischemic stroke. Our data suggest that neonatal arterial ischemic stroke and cerebral sinovenous thrombosis are more commonly diagnosed in boys. The slightly larger size of male neonates may be contributory in arterial ischemic stroke. It is not known whether boys are at higher risk of developing arterial ischemic stroke and cerebral sinovenous thrombosis or are simply more likely to present with symptoms resulting in diagnosis. These issues need further study.

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This preliminary view of personhood in the nursing literature demonstrated how the concept has been developed, used, and understood. Areas for future research include nursing ethics, theory, and clinical practice, as well as links with other academic disciplines.

Although maternal depression is a common emotional disorder, assessment and intervention rates are low. Using a cross-sectional survey design, we examined attitudes, beliefs, and practices of obstetrical and neonatology nurses toward the management of symptoms of maternal depression (SMD). Nurses believed they were responsible to assess for SMD and intervene with women showing SMD. However, only 50% assessed for SMD at least once monthly. Identified barriers to care were: lack of time, training, language, and patient and family beliefs. NICU nurses reported lower confidence, knowledge, and skills, than other nurses who participated in this study. This study shows there is a need to enhance nurses? confidence in assessing and intervening with SMD, and to clarify the referral process.