Background: Enterobiasis or oxyuriasis from Enterobius vermicularis is an infection usually localized in the large bowel and cecum. Generally, the symptoms are characterized by anal itching, and intestinal or nervous disorders. Rarely, it is responsible for death. Methods: A forensic autopsy of a 52-year-old white male inmate who died 5 days after hospitalization was performed. Histological and toxicological analyses were also performed. Results: The death occurred by localization of Enterobius vermicularis in the duodenum and in the proximal ileum, with intestinal haemorrhage, inflammation, and peritonitis documented by histological examination. Conclusion: This is a common infectious disease, and can rarely occur with a fatal outcome, even in advanced populations. The lack of knowledge related to the rarity of death from enterobiasis disease can determine a dangerous concern.

Chronic encapsulated intracerebral hematoma (CEIH) is a rare solid mass characterized by the presence of a fibrotic capsule that can present a variety of signs and symptoms due to the mass effect and hydrocephalus. It may be caused by post-traumatic or spontaneous bleeding as related to an adjacent aneurysm, angiomas or neoplasms. Differential diagnosis must be applied in order for it to mimic neoplasm or a vascular malformation. Several cases of CEIH have been reported but only a few of them have an intraventricular localization. A forensic autopsy of a 50-year-old male who died suddenly while driving is discussed. Gross analysis, histology and toxicology were performed and a CEIH of the right lateral ventricle was found in a case of acute coronary death.

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Background: Haematological malignancies, such as lymphoma and leukaemia, can have a variety of clinical manifestations. The most frequent cause of death from haematological malignancies is multiple organ failure due to neoplastic organ infiltration and/or septic shock. Histiocytic sarcoma (HS) is a rare malignant nodal or extranodal tumour with histiocytic immunophenotype that originates from a lymphohematopoietic precursor. The patients with HS usually have a poor prognosis due to its aggressive clinical behaviour. Rare cases of undiagnosed sudden HS death have been described in the literature. Methods: A forensic autopsy of a 46-year-old white male who died at home suddenly and unexpectedly without warning conditions or known diseases. Gross analysis, histology and toxicology were also performed. Results: The diagnosis of HS of the ileum with secondary nodal and cardiac metastatization was made. Conclusions: A prompt diagnosis of HS in life is paramount because it can make a difference in prognostic outcomes.

Background: Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) is a congenital heart disease that is associated with high mortality rates in the early neonatal period and during surgical treatments. This is mainly due to missed prenatal diagnosis, delayed diagnostic suspicion, and consequent unsuccessful therapeutic intervention. Case report: twenty-six hours after birth, a female newborn died of severe respiratory failure. No cardiac abnormalities and no genetic diseases had been evidenced or documented during intrauterine life. The case became of medico-legal concern for the assessment of alleged medical malpractice. Therefore, a forensic autopsy was performed. Results: the macroscopic study of the heart revealed the hypoplasia of the left cardiac cavities with the left ventricle (LV) reduced to a slot and a right ventricular cavity that simulated the presence of a single and unique ventricular chamber. The predominance of the left heart was evident. Conclusions: HLHS is a rare condition that is incompatible with life, with very high mortality from cardiorespiratory insufficiency that occurs soon after birth. The prompt diagnosis of HLHS during pregnancy is crucial in managing the disease with surgery.