We used light microscopy to study placental structure of the lizard Sceloporus mucronatus throughout 6 months of embryonic development. Three stages of placental development could be assigned to embryos based on the arrangement of the extraembryonic membranes. A highly vascular choriovitelline placenta was present in the embryonic hemisphere and a nonvascular bilaminar omphalopleure covered most of the abembryonic hemisphere of the egg during embryonic Stages 10-28. A chorioallantoic placenta replaced the choriovitelline placenta by embryonic Stage 29 and an omphaloplacenta covered the abembryonic hemisphere at this stage. The combination of these two placental types occurred in Stage 29-36 embryos. The final stage of placentation, embryonic Stages 37-40, was characterized by an omphalallantoic placenta in the abembryonic hemisphere and a chorioallantoic placenta in the embryonic hemisphere of the egg. The choriovitelline and chorioallantoic placentae are well vascularized, with closely apposed maternal and embryonic blood vessels. These structures are the most likely sites of respiratory exchange. In contrast, the omphaloplacenta and omphalallantoic placentae contain cuboidal or columnar epithelia and these structures may function in histotrophic exchange. Placentation of S. mucronatus is similar to that of predominantly lecithotrophic species in other squamate lineages suggesting that the evolution of this placental morphology is a response to similar factors and is independent of phylogeny.
Fall reproduction is a common pattern in viviparous lizards from Mexican mountains. The reproductive pattern of Sceloporus palaciosi is seasonal but asynchronous between sexes. Males show testicular development in May and June whereas females ovulate in October. We suggest that the same environmental stimulous to reproduction occur twice ayear, but the internal system determines the response of both sexes lo different seasons, and fall stimulation allows early sexual maturity in females.
. 2009. Histología de las membranas extraembrionarias durante la retención intrauterina en Sceloporus aeneus (Squamata: Phrynosomatidae). Acta Zoológica Mexicana (n. s.), 25(2): 303-314. RESUMEN. Se describió la morfología de las membranas extraembrionarias de la lagartija Sceloporus aeneus a partir del estadio de desarrollo embrionario normal a la oviposición (30-31) hasta estadios avanzados de retención (37) utilizando la microscopía de luz. En el estadio normal a la oviposición, la membrana coriovitelina está presente como en otras especies ovíparas, además es reemplazada por la membrana corioalantoidea. En los estadios 34-37, la membrana alantoidea se extiende más allá del ecuador del huevo donde contacta a la onfalopleura bilaminar, sólo en dos especimenes de los estadios 34 y 35, esta membrana rodea por completo al saco vitelino. Durante la retención intrauterina, se observó una membrana corioalantoidea regionalmente diversificada, teniendo un epitelio coriónico escamoso rodeando el hemisferio embrionario y un epitelio cúbico a cilíndrico cubriendo el abembrionario. La onfalopleura bilaminar mostró un epitelio cúbico a cilíndrico en la mayoría de los embriones de estadios avanzados (35-37). Sugerimos que la membrana corioalantoidea juega un papel importante en el transporte de calcio y agua hacia el embrión, ésta última sin provocar el incremento en el volumen del huevo dentro del útero. La persistencia de la onfalopleura bilaminar en estadios de desarrollo avanzados, puede desempeñar la misma función de transporte de agua y calcio durante el intervalo de retención intrauterina, como ocurre en las membranas extraembrionarias de especies vivíparas dentro de la clase Reptilia.
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