Children who require augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) systems while they are in the process of acquiring language face unique challenges because they use graphic symbols for communication. In contrast to the situation of typically developing children, they use different modalities for comprehension (auditory) and expression (visual). This study explored the ability of three- and four-year-old children without disabilities to perform tasks involving sequences of graphic symbols. Thirty participants were asked to transpose spoken simple sentences into graphic symbols by selecting individual symbols corresponding to the spoken words, and to interpret graphic symbol utterances by selecting one of four photographs corresponding to a sequence of three graphic symbols. The results showed that these were not simple tasks for the participants, and few of them performed in the expected manner - only one in transposition, and only one-third of participants in interpretation. Individual response strategies in some cases lead to contrasting response patterns. Children at this age level have not yet developed the skills required to deal with graphic symbols even though they have mastered the corresponding spoken language structures.
This article presents the results of a study on parental involvement in family foster care. The aims of the study were: (a) to describe the participation of the parents, and (b) to identify variables associated with their participation. Fifty-eight (58) parents having a child in family foster care were interviewed with a face-to-face questionnaire. The results indicate that parents participate little in care-related tasks or school activities, but are more involved in decision-making and discussions concerning the child. We observed greater participation where the parent had a spouse or partner and where the social workers and foster parents seemed to have a positive attitude towards parental participation and towards the parents themselves.
Résumé La collaboration entre les adultes qui prennent soin d’un enfant placé en famille d’accueil est essentielle. Mais fait-elle réellement partie des pratiques quotidiennes des parents, des parents d’accueil et des intervenants ? Dans cet article, nous présentons les résultats d’une recherche qualitative dont l’objectif est de comprendre la collaboration entre les différents adultes qui entourent un enfant placé en famille d’accueil en explorant, à l’aide d’un cadre théorique écosystémique, la perception de leurs interactions. Il s’agit d’une étude réalisée au Québec et en Angleterre. L’analyse du matériel recueilli permet d’identifier différents scénarios d’interactions entre les acteurs. On observe trois scénarios de non-collaboration caractérisés soit par une absence de contacts entre les membres du système (‘chacun pour soi’), soit par une absence de réciprocité dans les interactions (‘sens unique’) ou encore par des enjeux importants de pouvoir (‘conflit’). En contre-partie, dans les scénarios ‘d’inclusivité’, les acteurs échangent régulièrement, les interactions sont plus réciproques et les partenaires s’influencent mutuellement. Dans les pages qui suivent, nous décrirons la nature des interactions propres à ces différents scénarios et leur incidence sur le degré de collaboration entre les acteurs.
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