Maintaining a proper fluid balance is essential to ensure functioning of metabolic processes in the body and maintaining health (Armstrong & Johnson, 2018;Diacon & Bell, 2014). The average daily fluid intake varies between individuals. A recent review, which included multiple research studies, found that adults should consume more than 1.8 L of water over 24 hr to maintain adequate hydration (Armstrong & Johnson, 2018). Fluid imbalance results in dehydration or overhydration of patients, with potentially severe consequences. Dehydration is regarded as a loss of fluid resulting in a body mass change of more than 1%. Mild symptoms of dehydration are headache, fatigue and impaired cognitive function. In contrast, prolonged dehydration leads to hypotension, cold hands and feet and weak pulse (Chan et al., 2018;Liska et al., 2019). Overhydration primarily occurs in patients with heart failure or chronic kidney disease, leads to oedema, fatigue and dyspnoea. Failing to identify fluid imbalance symptoms may result in poor recovery, extended hospitalization, complications and ultimately, death (El-Sharkawy et al., 2015). In a cohort study with 200 hospitalized patients over