BackgroundA preterm neonate usually requires specialised care in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Nurses in the NICU are the primary source of parental education particularly for preterm neonates. ObjectiveTo assess the effectiveness of a preterm infant care educational program on parental knowledge acquisition in the NICU. Methods A quasi-experimental pre-test post-test design was used. A convenience sample of 53 parents with preterm infants was recruited at a district hospital NICU in 2017 in Kigali. The twohour evidenced-based intervention in the local language of Kinyarwanda included five Global Health Media Project videos and a power-point presentation on the knowledge and skills to improve maternal and neonatal health. Data analysis included descriptive and inferential statistics. ResultsThe mean correct pre-test knowledge score was 54%, and the mean correct post-test score was 92%, indicating a significant increase (38%) of correct responses after the intervention. ConclusionAn educational intervention was found to be effective in improving parental knowledge in caring for preterm infants in a district hospital NICU in Kigali. This evidenced-based intervention could become routine for neonatal nurses in NICUs throughout Rwanda.Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2019;2(2):105-111.

Background Climate change (CC) is a global public health problem. In Rwanda, it is estimated that 28% of neonatal death is attributable to CC, yet little is known about healthcare providers’ awareness of neonatal health risks. ObjectiveTo assess nurses’ and midwives’ awareness of CC and perceptions of potential neonatal health risks associated with CC at selected hospitals in Rwanda. Methods A cross-sectional survey was performed at four selected hospitals. A random sampling technique was used to select 184 of 340 nurses and midwives working in neonatology, pediatrics, and maternity departments. Descriptive and inferential statistical tests were done. ResultsThe majority of participants were females (62.1%), nurses (60.5%), advanced diploma holders (55.4%). The majority (60.4%) had low level awareness of CC, and only 2.8% obtained CC information at nursing school. The majority (61.02%) had low perception of potential CC’ related potential neonatal health risks. High education level, working in neonatology and longer working experience were found to be associated with high level awareness of CC and high perceptions of potential neonatal health risks associated with CC (p<0.05). Conclusion There was a low level awareness of CC awareness and low perceptions of potential neonatal health risks among nurses and midwives. Offering in-service training and integrating CC’ health risks in the nursing curricula could motivate climate action among Rwandan nurses and midwives.  Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2020;3(2):261-272