Dens invaginatus is a developmental variation resulting from an alteration in the normal growth pattern of the dental papilla of a tooth. They predominantly occur on maxillary permanent lateral incisors. Their occurrence in several maxillary incisor teeth in an individual has been frequently reported, and the examination of bilateral teeth for the anomaly is well accepted. However, the present case illustrates the importance of examining both maxillary and mandibular incisors in patients who present with a dens invaginatus, in addition to other members of the family.

Aim To explore the oral health care experience of individuals with intellectual disability and their families. Methods A qualitative approach utilising face‐to‐face semi‐structured interviews with parents of individuals with intellectual disability. All interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim, and Qualitative Framework Analysis was used to present the results. Results Twenty‐six parents of 26 individuals with intellectual disability were interviewed. The interviewees were 10 males and 16 females, and their average age was 46.4 ± 11.2 years (range 28‐66). The average age of individuals with intellectual disability was 17.9 ± 9.2 years (range 6‐48), and there were 11 (42.3%) males and 15 (57.7%) females. The interviewees reported that challenges to oral health care do occur on multiple levels: (a) home environment; (b) primary dental care; (c) secondary dental care facilities; (d) health and education policies and systems; and (e) societal views on individuals with intellectual disability. Conclusion Individuals with intellectual disability and their families are being failed at multiple levels of oral health care, leaving parents feeling frustrated, isolated, and sometimes helpless. Collaborative efforts are needed to train families to prevent oral health disease at home, establish better primary and secondary oral health care systems, and overcome wider cultural, social, and economic barriers.

41CTNND1 encodes the p120-catenin (p120) protein, which has a wide range of functions, 42 including the maintenance of cell-cell junctions, regulation of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition 43 and transcriptional signaling. Due to advances in next generation sequencing, CTNND1 has been 44 implicated in human diseases including cleft palate and blepharocheilodontic syndrome (BCD) albeit 45 only recently. In this study, we identify eight novel protein-truncating variants, six de novo, in 46 thirteen participants presenting with craniofacial dysmorphisms including cleft palate and 47 variations in this gene underlie not only cleft palate and BCD but may be expanded to a broader 53 velocardiofacial-like syndrome. 54 55 of p120-catenin, and, given the range of phenotypes seen in our cohort, should be considered more 105 broadly to cause a VCF-like syndrome. 107 Subjects and Methods 108

Aims To evaluate the advice and preventive care provided by General Dental Practitioners (GDPs) to high-caries-risk children in Jordan. Methods A cross-sectional study using an open-ended questionnaire. GDPs were presented with a high-caries-risk child scenario and asked regarding: (1) oral hygiene and dietary advice they would give; (2) preventive-care they would offer; (3) barriers they face in prevention delivery. Answers were compared to an evidence-based guideline. Data were input into SPSS-20 and analysed using descriptive statistics and frequencies. Chi-square test was used to compare results by age, gender, practice location and type. Results One-hundred and sixty GDPs were approached and 128 agreed to participate (80%), of whom 87 (69%) were female. The average age was 31 years [range 22-50]. Sixty-nine percent practiced in the capital, Amman. Sixty-five percent gave advice on tooth-brushing frequency, but only 23% suggested brushing at bed-time and 24% recommended parental supervision. None provided advice on toothpaste fluoride content. Seventy-one percent advised reducing sugary-food amounts, but only 21% focused on frequency and 2% suggested using diet diaries. Most knew about fissure-sealants (77%) and fluoridevarnish (80%). Forty-two percent reported barriers to delivering preventive-care, including parental attitudes (36%), child cooperation (30%), financial reward (19%), and training (6%). Participants practicing outside of the capital were less likely to use fluoride-varnish [P = 0.002] and more likely to report barriers [P = 0.001]. Conclusions Advice delivered by GDPs to high-caries-risk children in Jordan does not meet the standards of an evidencebased guideline. Future initiatives for oral-health-promotion should aim to address the barriers reported, especially outside the capital.