In the article, the authors analyze the main components of the European integration directions of railway transport of Ukraine, the feature of which is the activation of armed aggression against our state by the Russian Federation. The methodological basis of the research is the current works of domestic scientists, as well as analytical materials on the problems of the European integration of railway transport of Ukraine. To solve the set goal, we used the following forms, methods and methods of research: as historical – for researching the processes of the European integration of railway transport of Ukraine into the transport system of the European Union, methods of analyzing scientific literature regarding the disclosure of the features of the European integration of domestic railway transport, an abstract-logical method for theoretical generalization and formulation of research conclusions, etc. The authors prove that the intensification of armed aggression against Ukraine by the Russian Federation on February 24, 2022 forced both our state and the European Union to update the directions of cooperation. This is due to the fact that railway transport is of strategic importance, because it is thanks to its round-the-clock clear operation that evacuation and military transports are carried out. In addition, Russian armed aggression substantiated the need to rebuild the domestic track to the European standard, which, on the one hand, will make it impossible for the enemy to use railway com- munication routes, and on the other hand, will increase the carrying capacity for the cooperation of our state with European countries. Also, the authors emphasize that railway transport is an object of critical infrastructure, which requires special ap- proaches to its protection. In general, the authors consider such directions of European integration directions of railway transport as legal, economic, technological and safety. Taking into account the experience of the member states of the European Union, rail transport is a component of increasing the country’s military mobility, which consists in simplifying and standardizing the procedures of cross-border military transport. According to the authors, it is the European vector of railway transport develop- ment in Ukraine that will not only improve the economic situation of the industry, but also contribute to the improvement of the defense capability of both our country and the member states of the European Union.