For the very first time in EU history, the 2014 EP elections provided citizens with the opportunity to influence the nomination of the Commission President by casting a vote for the main Europarties' 'lead candidates'. By subjecting the position of the Commission President to an open political contest, many experts have formulated the expectation that heightened political competition would strengthen the weak electoral connection between EU citizens and EU legislators, which some consider a root cause for the EU's lack of public support. In particular, this contest was on display in the so-called 'Eurovision Debate', a televised debate between the main contenders for the Commission President broadcasted live across Europe. Drawing on a quasi-experimental study conducted in 24 EU countries, we find that debate exposure led to increased cognitive and political involvement and EU support among young citizens. Unfortunately, the debate has only reached a very small audience.
No abstract
The main goal of the paper is to establish to which extent it is justified to label a newly established Croatian party The Bridge (Most) a populist party. in order to answer this question, the paper relies on theoretical, methodological and empirical insights from contemporary literature on populism. The study is based on inclusive approach to populism and accordingly developed categories for content analysis. The analysis only partially confirms the assumption that Most is a populist option. The authors suggest that Most is best described as a combination of centrist populism and an anti-establishment reform party. They suggest that populism research would benefit from distinguishing between anti-elitist and anti-establishment position of parties and politicians. finally, they argue that the 'curiosity' of Most stems primarily from their awkward and paradoxical relationship towards Croatian political elite: Most's politicians criticise political elite for being incompetent and corrupt, while at the same time advocating alliance with this same elite in order to implement reforms and bring prosperity to Croatian society.
Berto ŠALAJ, Marijana GRBEŠA Fakultet političkih znanosti, Zagreb UDK: 316.334.3(497.5) 329.7(497.5) Pregledni rad Primljeno: 12. 12. 2016. Populizam je kao pojam široko prisutan u hrvatskom javnom diskursu, no u znanstvenom diskursu taj relevantni i aktualni fenomen skromno je zastupljen. Nastojeći potaknuti znanstveni interes za problematiku populizma u Hrvatskoj, ovaj rad donosi pregled i sintezu najvažnijih uvida iz recentne literature o populizmu, pri čemu se usredotočuje na dva važna pitanja. Prvo se odnosi na pristupe populizmu, odnosno na analizu razumijevanja populizma kao političkoga fenomena, a drugo na metodologiju istraživanja populizma. Autori smatraju kako je pristup koji populizam razumijeva kao "slabu" političku ideologiju istraživački potencijalno najproduktivniji. U dijelu koji se bavi metodologijom istraživanja populizma rad se usredotočuje na problem konceptualizacije i operacionalizacije. Autori zagovaraju konceptualizaciju, prema kojoj je populizam politička metaideologija koju karakterizira istodobna prisutnost dvaju definirajućih obilježja: pozitivno vrednovanje naroda i difuzni politički antielitizam. Pritom autori ističu kako se razumijevanjem populizma kao metaideologije otvara prostor za jasno artikuliranje teze o postojanju više tipova populizma, što smatraju jednom od najpropulzivnijih tema u budućim istraživanjima.
IntroductionHuman face is a universal and key feature that affects physical appearance and attractiveness (1, 2), and marketing experts use attractive faces and smiles in product advertising. There are two reasons for using a human face: firstly, it serves as an access point to different abstract systems of numerous companies that are being advertised (3); secondly, it contains a great amount of information, the most important ones in advertising are emotions (4).The role of emotions in marketing is based on increasing the emotional link between consumers and a brand. A commercial which can surprise, amuse or even make people cry enables the advertisers achieve their goals -inculcating the products in audience`s minds, making positive associations with the brand and driving sales up (5). There are several different marketing instruments which can trigger certain emotions of the targeted audience such as sex appeal, humor appeal, fear appeal and joy appeal with the latter presenting people laughing and having a good time (5). Although smile is not the only way to trigger happiness, it is still a universal expression which plays an important role in social interaction (3, 6, 7). UvodLice je univerzalna i ključna značajka koja utječe na fizič-ki izgled i privlačnost neke osobe (1, 2), a marketinški struč-njaci koriste se privlačnim licima i osmijesima u reklamiranju proizvoda. Dva su razloga za korištenje ljudskoga lica: prvi je da ono služi kao pristupna točka različitim apstraktnim sustavima mnogobrojnih kompanija koje se reklamiraju (3), a drugi je da sadržava veliku količinu informacija od kojih su za reklamiranje najvažnije emocije (4).Uloga osjećaja u marketingu temelji se na jačanju emocionalne povezanosti između potrošača i proizvoda. Reklama koja može iznenaditi, zabaviti ili čak rasplakati ljude omogućuje oglašivačima da postignu svoje ciljeve -proizvod će biti zapamćen i ostvarit će pozitivne asocijacije te će se tako povećati prodaja (5). Nekoliko je marketinških instrumenata koji mogu potaknuti određene emocije kod ciljane publike, primjerice, seksualna privlačnost, humorističnost, zastrašivanje i uživanje; ovo posljednje često je predstavljeno ljudima koji se smiju i dobro zabavljaju (5). Iako osmijeh nije jedini način za poticanje sreće, ipak je univerzalan oblik izražavanja koji ima važnu ulogu u društvenim interakcijama (3, 6, 7). Sažetak Svrha: Slike nasmiješenih ljudi sveprisutne su u marketingu. Ovo istraživanje bavilo se učestalo-šću i karakteristikama osmijeha, kontekstom korištenoga osmijeha i ciljanom publikom novinskih reklama. Materijali i postupci: Četiri istraživača analizirala su 600 reklama iz 46 europskih časopisa i novina, a koristili su se analizom sadržaja i analizom uokvirivanja. Dvadeset stavki obrasca za analizu upotrijebljeno je za bilježenje prisutnosti ljudi, karakteristika osmijeha, konteksta u kojem je osmijeh korišten, dojma uspjeha i zdravlja i koja je ciljana publika. Za statističku analizu odabran je Hikvadrat test. Rezultati: Više od 70 posto novinskih reklama sadržava...
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