The healthcare sector is one of the sectors in the EU economy with significant employment potential, which is driven by the growing demand for healthcare. Job satisfaction contributes to the improvement of the quality of service, in every profession, and it is especially important in the field of work of professionals whose service should contribute to better and more efficient health care, and therefore it has been an important research topic for a number of years. The health care sector is facing many challenges. Therefore, providing a sufficient number of well-qualified and motivated staff will be a particular problem in countries facing a marked increase in the demand for health care. It is estimated that the shortage of health workforce will reach 12.9 million health workers by 2035. The health sector of the Republic of Serbia is facing similar challenges, but it also has its own specificities, conditioned by the historical, socio-economic, cultural, and political development of the country. This paper analyses the available literature on job satisfaction, factors influencing satisfaction, and challenges for improving job satisfaction in the health sector.

Dual practice is a phenomenon found in most countries, but it is noticeably more frequent in low-income countries, such as ours. It has been gaining more and more importance lately due to the fact that it may contribute to reducing the already insufficient number of professional health workers in healthcare systems. The reasons that lead to dual practice have not been sufficiently studied. Research results mainly point to economic factors as predictors, but apart from these factors, it is necessary to investigate the prevalence, real consequences, managing this phenomenon, as well as the assessment of the impact of policy measures implemented in this area. Although dual practice is seen as a possible systemic solution to issues such as limited resources (and revenues) in the public sector, low regulatory capacity and the interaction between market forces and human resources, if poorly regulated, it can lead to a conflict of interest as well as resource drain from the public to the private sector. An optimal regulation of the situation and the mobility of health workforce depends on the exceptional circumstances of the country, government capabilities, and the improvement of the health system. At the international level, governments react differently to the phenomenon of dual practice. To recognize the role of dual practice and mobility in the health workforce market, experts advocate more data on dual practice of healthcare workers and the need to integrate these data into national health workforce accounts. The need to develop a national health policy for monitoring dual practice in our country and to develop strategies for mitigating negative effects was highlighted. This paper analyzes the available literature on dual practice, the factors that influence the emergence of this phenomenon, and possible solutions for health workers.