Introduction: Maternal obesity and excessive gestational weight gain are related to adverse outcomes in women and children. Lifestyle interventions during pregnancy showed positive effects on decreasing weight gain during pregnancy, but effects on offspring's health and wellbeing are unclear. We aimed to assess the effect of lifestyle intervention programmes on offspring mental health, temperament, eating habits and anthropometric and cardiovascular measures. Methods: Ninety-six offspring of pregnant women with a body mass index (BMI) ≥29 kg/m 2 who were randomly assigned to 3 intervention groups during pregnancy (routine antenatal care, a brochure group or a prenatal session group) and 77 offspring of pregnant women with a normal BMI (between 18.5 and 24.9 kg/m 2 ) were used as an additional control group in this analysis. When the children were between 3 and 7 years old, anthropometric and cardiovascular measurements were conducted and various questionnaires about offspring mental health, temperament and eating habits were filled out. Results: Children of mothers who received a brochure-based lifestyle intervention programme showed significantly less surgency/extraversion compared to children of mothers who received routine antenatal care (contrast estimate = -0.36, SE = 0.15, p = 0.02, 95% CI [-6.66, -0.06]) and prenatal lifestyle intervention sessions (contrast estimate = -0.46, SE = 0.14, p < 0.01, 95% CI [-0.74, -0.18]) after adjusting for child's age, sex, offspring birth weight and mother's educational level. The lifestyle intervention could not be associated with any significant differences in offspring mental health, eating habits and anthropometric and cardiovascular characteristics. Children of mothers with a normal BMI showed less emotional problems (F(1, 156) = 5.42, p = 0.02) and internalizing (F(1, 156) = 3.04, p = 0.08) and externalizing problems (F(1, 156) = 6.10, p = 0.02) when compared to children of mothers in the obese group. Discussion/Conclusion: The results suggest that a brochure-based lifestyle intervention programme can affect the offspring temperament. Future follow-up studies need to investigate how these temperament-related effects may influence obesity development later in life.

Background: Obesity during pregnancy, excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) and postpartum weight retention (PPWR) are associated with health risks for mothers and their offspring. Face-toface lifestyle interventions can reduce GWG and PPWR, but are resource-demanding and effects on long-term maternal and fetal outcomes are scarce. Objectives: to explore the existing literature about the effect of technology-supported lifestyle interventions including telemonitoring and -coaching on GWG and PPWR. Methods: The PudMed, MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE (incl. The Cochrane databases) and Web of Science databases were searched for relevant studies published since 2000. Inclusion criteria were: lifestyle interventions to optimize GWG or PPWR with at least mobile applications or websites, focusing on physical activity, healthy eating and/or psychological wellbeing, including self-monitoring with telemonitoring and telecoaching. Results: The technology-supported interventions in seven study protocols and four pilot studies differed in terms of the used behavior change models, their focus on different lifestyle issues, their intervention components for telemonitoring and telecoaching. Technology-supported interventions including telemonitoring and -coaching can optimize GWG and PPWR, although not all results are significant. Effects on physical activity and healthy eating are inconsistent. Conclusion: Technology-supported lifestyle interventions might affect GWG and PPWR, but more research is needed to examine the effectiveness, the usability and the critical features of these interventions.

Background The interpregnancy and pregnancy periods are important windows of opportunity to prevent excessive gestational weight retention. Despite an overwhelming number of existing health apps, validated apps to support a healthy lifestyle between and during pregnancies are lacking. Objective To describe the development and evaluation of the INTER-ACT app, which is part of an interpregnancy and pregnancy lifestyle coaching module, to prevent excessive weight gain in pregnancy and enhance optimal weight and a healthy lifestyle in the interpregnancy period. Methods A mixed methods design was used to identify the needs of health care providers and end users, according to 15 semistructured interviews, two focus groups, and two surveys. The user interface was evaluated in a pilot study (N=9). Results Health care providers indicated that a mobile app can enhance a healthy lifestyle in pregnant and postpartum women. Pregnant women preferred graphic displays in the app, weekly notifications, and support messages according to their own goals. Both mothers and health care providers reported increased awareness and valued the combination of the app with face-to-face coaching. Conclusions The INTER-ACT app was valued by its end users because it was offered in combination with face-to-face contact with a caregiver.