Rats acquired a preference for an aqueous odor (almond) presented in simultaneous compound with sucrose. Separate presentations of saccharin reduced this preference in rats with ad-lib access to food during training or at test, but not in rats that were hungry during both training and test. In contrast, separate presentations of sucrose reduced the preference for the almond irrespective of deprivation state during training and test. We interpret the results to mean that a hungry rat forms odor-taste and odor-calorie associations, and its motivational state on test determines which of these associations controls the preference. In contrast, a rat that is not hungry during training only forms an odor-taste association, and its performance on test is independent of its level of hunger.