Aim The present study aimed to examine the associations among behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) of persons with dementia (PWD), care burden and family‐to‐work conflict (FWC) of employed family caregivers. Method A cross‐sectional study was carried out with employed adult daughter or son (or in‐law) caregivers for PWD from two rural cities in Japan. FWC, care burden and the degree of BPSD were evaluated by the Survey Work‐Home Interaction‐NijmeGen, Zarit Burden Scale‐Short Version and Dementia Behavior Disturbance Scale, respectively. Of the 200 questionnaires distributed, 130 were returned. A total of 53 respondents were not employed, and seven questionnaires had missing data for demographic variables, Survey Work‐Home Interaction‐NijmeGen, Zarit Burden Scale‐Short Version or Dementia Behavior Disturbance Scale. Thus, complete data from 70 respondents were analyzed through structural equation modeling. Results The mean age of employed family caregivers was 56 years, and 34 (48.5%) were men. The mean age of PWD was 84 years, and there were 68 (68.6%) men. The path model with a good fit was shown (root mean square error of approximation 0.136, comparative fit index 0.960 and goodness of fit index 0.965). The path model showed that BPSD affected FWC, and that the association was partially mediated by care burden. Conclusions The results show that a decrease in not only care burden, but also BPSD, of PWD is important for employed family caregivers to reduce their FWC and maintain their work–life balance. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 51–55.

Aim To examine the response of long‐term care (LTC) residential facilities to the COVID‐19 pandemic worldwide, and the antecedents and outcomes of this response. Design A protocol of a cross‐sectional survey. Methods Two online questionnaires will be used to collect data from LTC residential facilities' managers and staff worldwide. Collected data include participants' socio‐demographic characteristics, facility‐related characteristics, facility response to the COVID‐19 pandemic, and possible influences of the pandemic on staff, residents, and residents' families. Data collection has started in April 2021. Data analyses will be conducted on the pooled sample and stratified by the type of facility, participants, or country if required. Multi‐level regression analysis will be considered to account for participants' data clustering in countries and facilities. Results The data collection is ongoing. The findings would guide policy‐makers and healthcare organizations to reform their protocols for the best interest of facilities, staff, residents, and residents' families.

Background and Objectives Dementia awareness initiatives aim to promote helping behaviors towards people living with dementia. We applied the bystander intervention process model in the context of the general public’s helping behaviors towards people living with dementia, and we sought to identify the mechanisms underlying the association between dementia knowledge and helping behaviors. Research Design and Methods In a survey featuring vignettes for the general public in Japan (N = 904), we presented four situations in which people could exhibit helping behaviors towards a person with dementia. Guttman scale analysis was used to test this sequential ordering of the bystander intervention process model: (1) interpreting the need to help, (2) perceiving personal responsibility, and (3) intention to provide help. Mediation analysis was used to examine whether the effects of knowledge on helping behaviors were mediated by attitude towards people living with dementia and the bystander intervention process. Results The results support the two-step model in which interpreting the situation as one where assistance is required is a prerequisite of helping behavior. Dementia knowledge had a significant total effect on intention to provide help (β = 0.136, p < 0.001). Interpretation (indirect effect: β = 0.092, p < 0.001), as well as attitude (indirect effect: β = 0.044, p < 0.001), was found to completely mediate the effect of dementia knowledge on intention to provide help. Discussion and Implications Dementia awareness initiatives designed to promote helping behaviors should focus on knowledge transfer, improving the general public’s attitudes towards people living with dementia, and their ability to interpret when such people need assistance.

ObjectiveThe aim of the current study was to validate the Japanese version of the family supportive supervisor behaviors (FSSB-J) measure. FSSB is conceptualized as a multidimensional, superordinate construct constituted of four dimensions: emotional support, instrumental support, role modeling behaviors, and creative work–family management.MethodsThe Japanese translated and back-translated FSSB-J questionnaire was administered to 1,670 men and women aged 20–59 years who were registered with a Japanese online survey company in November 2017. Confirmatory factor analyses were performed to evaluate the factorial validity of the FSSB-J. Cross-time measurement invariance was tested using multi-group confirmatory factor analyses. Construct validity was assessed with the potential consequences of FSSB (e.g., work–family spillover, work engagement, intention to leave, job satisfaction, and psychological distress) and convergent validity was assessed using similar concepts (e.g., organizational justice and social support). Internal consistency and test–retest reliability were examined to evaluate the reliability of the four dimensions of the FSSB.ResultsA series of confirmatory factor analyses using the multiple-group method revealed that the four-factor model fitted the data best. The latent factor structure demonstrated configural, metric, and scalar invariance across time. Construct and convergent validity were generally in line with expectations. Cronbach’s α coefficient and test–retest reliability were sufficient for each of the four dimensions of the FSSB.ConclusionThis study suggests that FSSB-J is an adequate measure of FSSB in the Japanese context.