Background: relationship between speech, tonus and non-verbal praxis. Aim: to verify the relationship between speech, tonus and non-verbal praxis of the stomatognathic system in preschoolers. Method: 120 children, with ages between 4:0 and 5:11 years, were assessed. This assessment consisted of an anamnesis and a speech-language evaluation. The anamnesis was carried out with each child and was completed with information obtained through a questionnaire filled out by parents or guardians. The speech-language assessment involved: assessment of tonus (resistance), of mobility (execution of isolated movements), praxis of lips and tongue (repetition of sequential movements) and of speech (picture naming). Results: statistically significant findings were: normal tongue tonus in the group of children with normal praxis (p = 0.003*); tongue with altered tonus in the group of children with altered praxis (p = 0.003*) and normal speech in the group of children with normal praxis (p < 0.001). Other observations were: normal lip tonus in the group of children with normal praxis (p = 0.058); altered speech (omission, substitution and distortion) in the group of children with altered lip tonus (p = 0.149), normal speech in the group of children with normal tongue tonus (p = 0.332); altered speech (omission, substitution and distortion) in the group of children with altered lip praxis (p = 0.241). Differences in speech related to gender or age were not observed in the present study. However, children with ages between 4:0 and 4:11 years presented speech alterations in a higher proportion when compared to children with ages between 5:0 and 5:11 years. Conclusion: it was not possible to prove the existence of a relationship between tonus and lip praxis, and between lip praxis and speech. A relationship exists between tonus and non-verbal tongue praxis and also between non-verbal tongue praxis and speech. Key Words: Articulation Disorders; Stomatognathic System; Preschool; Muscle Tonus. ResumoTema: relação entre fala, tônus e praxia não-verbal. Objetivo: verificar a existência de relação entre fala, tônus e praxia não-verbal do sistema estomatognático em pré-escolares. Método: avaliamos 120 crianças, de 4:0 a 5:11 de idade. Todas foram submetidas à avaliação que constou de anamnese e avaliação fonoaudiológica. A anamnese foi realizada com a própria criança e complementada por informações obtidas por meio de um questionário, respondido por seus pais ou responsáveis. A avaliação fonoaudiológica constou de: avaliação do tônus (resistência), da mobilidade (realização de movimentos isolados), da praxia (repetição de movimentos seqüenciais) de lábios e de língua e da fala (nomeação de figuras). Resultados: os achados estatisticamente significantes foram: tônus de língua normal nas crianças do grupo de praxia normal (p = 0,003*); tônus de língua alterado nas crianças do grupo de praxia alterada (p = 0,003*) e fala normal nas crianças do grupo com praxia normal (p < 0,001). Observamos tônus de lábios normal nas crianças do grupo ...

Breat hing is responsible for facial and cranial morphology development. Aim: investigate in order to see if there is any relationship between oral breathing and facial type. Material and Methods: 119 male and female teenagers, with ages ranging between 15 and 18 years. The sample was separated in two groups: A-50 teenage oral breathers, 28 males and 22 females; and group B-69 teenage nasal breathers, 37 males and 32 females. The sample was collected at the Centro de Atendimento e Apoio ao Adolescente do Departamento de Pediatria da UNIFESP/ EPM. We evaluated breathing and facial measures. Results: by means of anthropometric indexes we classified facial types and associated them with the person's breathing type, Hypereuriprosopic (Total=0; oral breathers 0%; nasal breathers 0%; Euriprosopic (Total=14; oral breathers 2.52%, nasal breathers 9.24%;Mesoprosope (Total=20; oral breathers 19.32%; nasal breathers 21.01%, Leptoprosopic (Total=37; oral breathers 14.29%; nasal breathers 16.81%; Hyperleptoprosopic (Total =48; oral breathers 5.89% nasal breathers 10.92%). The mesoprosopic facial type was found in 48 teenagers (40.33%) of whom 25 (21.01%) were oral breathers and 23 (19.32%) were nasal breathers. Conclusion: it was not possible to prove the existence of an association between oral breathing and facial type.

Introduction Maximum bite force (MBF) is the maximum force performed by the subject on the fragmentation of food, directly related with the mastication and determined by many factors. Objective Analyze the MBF of subjects according to age groups. Methods One hundred individuals from the city of São Paulo were equally divided according to age groups and gender. Each individual submitted to a myotherapy evaluation composed of anthropometric measurements of height and weight to obtain body mass index (BMI), using a tape and a digital scale (Magna, G-life, São Paulo), and a dental condition and maximum bite force evaluation, using a digital dynamometer model DDK/M (Kratos, São Paulo, Brazil), on Newton scale. The dental and bite force evaluations were monitored by a professional from the area. Analysis of variance was used with MBF as a dependent variable, age group and gender as random factors, and BMI as a control variable. Results Till the end of adolescence, it was possible to observe a decrease in MBF in both sexes, with the male force greater than the female force. In young adults, the female force became greater the males, then decreased in adulthood. There was no correlation between MBF and BMI. Conclusion There are MBF variations that characterizes the human development stages, according to age groups.

OBJETIVO: Investigar a existência de uma relação entre o tipo facial e a oclusão dentária em respiradores orais adolescentes. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados 40 adolescentes, 25 (62,50%) do sexo masculino e 15 (37,5%) do sexo feminino, com idade entre 13 e 16 anos, com diagnóstico otorrinolaringológico de respiração oral. Todos foram submetidos à anamnese, Exame Clínico Fonoaudiológico, que constou da Avaliação da Face, Índice e Tipo Facial e da oclusão dentária. RESULTADOS: Os achados mais freqüentemente encontrados foram: tipo facial hiperleptoprósopo em 25 (62,50%) adolescentes, má oclusão de Classe II divisão primeira em 22 (70,97%), sobremordida anterior normal em 26 (65,00%), sobremordida posterior normal em 32 (80,00%) e sobressaliência anterior e posterior normais em 28 (70,00%) dos adolescentes. No tipo facial hiperleptoprósopo, a sobremordida anterior em topo foi observada em 06 (42,86%) e a sobremordida posterior em topo em 05 (62,50%) adolescentes. A sobressaliência anterior aumentada foi observada em 04 (33,33%), a sobressaliência posterior em topo e mordida cruzada em 05 (41,67%) participantes. CONCLUSÕES: Não foi possível comprovar a existência de relação entre o tipo facial e a má oclusão dentária. O tipo facial mais encontrado foi o hiperleptoprósopo. A Classe II divisão primeira foi a má oclusão mais freqüentemente encontrada. O estudo da sobressaliência e da sobremordida mostrou maior número de casos normais.