This is a cross-sectional study that aimed to estimate maxillary sinus floor (MSF) pneumatization in single missing tooth of posterior maxilla, by using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). CBCT images were analyzed bilaterally and divided into 2 groups: edentulous site (EdS) -edentulous single region of upper second premolar, first or second molars; Tooth site (TS) -contralateral region homologous to the EdS region, with tooth present. Variables evaluated were: sinus height (SH), estimated sinus pneumatization (eSP: ∆ EdS -TS), healed ridge height (HR) and presence of localized sinus pneumatization (LSP) in molars teeth at TS. HR were categorized according to therapeutic option for posterior maxilla. 183 CBCT scans were included and it was observed that EdS presented a higher SH than the TS (p < 0.001) showing an eSP of 0.9 ± 2.93 mm. First molars presented the highest SH for both sides, although significant differences were detected when compared to second molars. First molars were mostly affected by LSP at TS (36 out of 43). Individuals with LSP at TS presented lower HR than the ones without LSP (p < 0.05). 54% of the cases presenting LSP obtained HR < 5 mm, which indicates sinus lift surgery. The present study showed that tooth loss in posterior maxilla favors sinus pneumatization and the identification of LSP at molar roots seems to indicate a greater necessity for sinus lift surgeries.

Sickle cell anemia, a genetic disease caused by a mutation in the beta-globin gene, can present oral manifestations such as delayed tooth eruption and hypomineralized enamel and dentin. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence and severity of developmental defects of enamel (DDE) and delayed tooth eruption in children with sickle cell anemia. The sample comprised 56 male and female children with sickle cell anemia aged 6 to 12 years and treated at the Hematology and Hemotherapy Center of Pernambuco, Brazil. The data were collected according to the WHO criteria for DDE and tooth eruption. The prevalence of DDE was 58.2% and increased with age, affecting 43.8% of children aged 6 to 8 years and 66.7% of those aged 10 to 12 years (p>0.05; Pearson's chi-square test). There was no significant association between DDE and sex; the most prevalent type of DDE was diffuse opacity (6.2%). Tooth eruption was delayed in 18 children (32.1%). The delay increased with age and was detected in 11.8% of children aged 6 to 8 years, in 20.0% of those aged 8 to 10 years and in 54.2% of those aged 10 to 12 years (p<0.05; Pearson's chi-square test). Delayed tooth eruption was higher in males (36.7%, p>0.05). The prevalence of DDE was high, increased with age and was similar between sexes, while delayed eruption was higher in males and showed a significant association with age.

Objectives To radiographically evaluate the effect of the adjunctive use of tenting screws (TS) for primary horizontal guided bone regeneration (GBR). Materials & Methods Twenty‐eight patients in need of staged bone augmentation were consecutively treated in a private practice. A xenogenic particulate bone substitute material (DBBM) and a resorbable collagen membrane were used in all patients. Subjects were divided into two groups: control (conventional GBR; n = 22) and test (tenting screws in conjunction with GBR ‐ TS; n = 22). CBCT images were obtained before augmentation and after 6–8 months. CBCTs were superimposed, and linear horizontal measurements were performed. Alveolar ridge width (RW) and ridge width change (RWchange) were assessed at 1, 3, 5, and 7 mm below the bone crest. Results Forty‐four sites in 28 patients were evaluated. No differences between the groups were detected for RW at baseline (TS: 5.87 ± 2.41; control: 5.36 ± 1.65). Regarding RWchange, TS promoted an additional effect at 1 and 3 mm below the crest compared to control (p < .05; RWchange‐1 TS: 3.72 ± 2.46; control: 1.25 ± 3.05; RWchange‐3 TS: 3.98 ± 2.53; control: 2.50 ± 2.02). The final RW was greater in group TS compared to the control group at the 1, 3, and 5 mm level (p < .05). Conclusions The use of tenting screws exerted a positive effect on staged GBR with a greater final RW at the 3 mm level. In addition, GBR in conjunction with TS was able to provide consistent bone augmentation at lingual/palatal sites.

Aim The aim of this study is to report root coverage outcomes in single deep gingival recessions (GR) following a proposed decision-making algorithm. Materials and Methods A retrospective, practice-based study included single deep (≥5 mm) Miller Class II and III defects. The step-by-step decision-making algorithm led to a choice among three different flap designs (coronally advanced flap (CAF), double papilla envelope flap (DPE) or modified lateral sliding flap (LSF)) used with a connective tissue graft. Recession depth (RD) at 6 months follow-up and the corresponding root coverage (RC) were the primary outcomes assessed. Results Sixteen GR defects were included, with baseline RD of 6.7 ± 1.8 mm. Six months postoperatively, RD was significantly reduced to 1.2 ± 0.8 mm (p < 0.05). Mean RC was 81.7 ± 13.0%, without significant differences between Miller Class II (87.1 ± 9.2%; n=9) and Class III (74.6 ± 14.5%; n=7) GRs (p=0.07). Postoperatively, keratinized tissue width increase was greater for LSF (3.5 ± 1.1) and DPE (4.2 ± 1.4 mm) than for CAF (1.9 ± 0.9 mm). Conclusions Following the proposed decision-making algorithm, root coverage outcomes for GR defects ≥5 mm were comparable to outcomes reported for shallow defects. Prospective clinical trials are needed to validate the proposed approach and techniques. Practical Implications The proposed algorithm allows the clinician to select the appropriate surgical technique for treatment of single deep gingival recessions with good predictability.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a lower dose of parathyroid hormone- PTH (1-34) on osteogenic potential of bone healing around titanium implants inserted into the tibia of rats. A blind parallel study was conducted in 45 adult male Wistar rats. Each rat received one titanium implant (4.5 x 2.2 mm) and was randomly assigned to receive subcutaneous injections, three times/week for 30 days, of the following treatments: group 1 - 40 µg/kg of PTH (1-34) (n=15); group 2 - 2 µg/kg of PTH (1-34) (n=15) and; group 3 - only the vehicle required for hormone dissolution (n=15). Thirty days after surgery, the animals were sacrificed and specimens containing the implant and the surrounding bone were removed and processed for non-decalcified sections. The sections were evaluated according to the following histometric parameters: proportion of mineralized tissue (PMT) adjacent to the implant threads (500 µm band); bone filling within the limits of the threads (BF) and; bone-to-implant contact (BIC). For the cortical region, both hormone dosages (groups 1 and 2) promoted better results, for all parameters, when compared to control group (p<0.05). Similar results were observed for the BF parameter in the cancellous region (p=0.0394). Therefore, systemic administration of PTH (1-34) stimulates bone formation around titanium implants, even at low doses.