Objective: The objective is to report recent data on the infection and detection of Zika virus in infertile couples and to discuss the need to make disease surveillance compulsory in this population in order to decrease the burden on the healthcare system and expedite treatment onset. Methods: We collected and analyzed the results of Zika virus infection screening tests of infertile couples in a private clinic in the low-incidence region of Curitiba - Brazil. Results: Among the 1189 serologies performed, 98.5% were negative for Zika virus, 0.75% were positive, and 0.75% were inconclusive. The twenty-one reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction tests performed for confirmation of infection were negative. Conclusion: Zika virus infection screening for asymptomatic patients may lead to delayed fertility treatment initiation in addition to excessive expenses for the patients. Based on our results, we challenge the validity of mandatory screening, especially in low-incidence regions.

Objective:This study aimed to identify which parameters positively affect the clinical pregnancy rates of IUI cycles and find which couples should opt for IUI.Methods:This retrospective observational study included 261 patients submitted to 381 IUI cycles with fresh or cryopreserved partner semen (IU-H) from January 2012 to February 2017 in a private center in Curitiba-PR, Brazil.Results:Idiopathic infertility was the most frequent finding (35.9%). Patients younger than 40 years accounted for 87.9% of the IUI cycles (n=335) and 16.1% of the clinical pregnancies (n=54). The pregnancy rate was three times higher in patients with an endometrium thickness ≥8 mm compared to patients with endometrium thickness <8mm. Sperm motility >55% was linked to higher pregnancy rates (p=0.002). Concerning gonadotropins, 159 (48.4%) took rFSH, 127 (38.7%) hMG, and 42 (12.8%) uFSH, with pregnancy rates of 21.3%, 10.4% and 10.5%, respectively.Conclusion:Patients under 40 years of age with endometrium thickness ≥8 mm, sperm motility >55%, and on rFSH had significantly higher pregnancy rates (p<0.05).

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Objective To evaluate whether colposcopy-directed biopsy is necessary to increase the accuracy of diagnosing cervical intraepithelial lesions in relation to colposcopy. Methods We performed a retrospective, observational study by analyzing medical records obtained from Hospital de Clínicas do Paraná from February 2008 to February 2018. Patients with results of Pap tests, colposcopy, colposcopy-directed biopsy, and surgical procedures (high-frequency surgery or cold conization) were included. Data such as quadrants involved during colposcopy and age differences were also analyzed. Results A total of 299 women were included. Colposcopy was found to have an accuracy rate of 76.25% (95% confidence interval [CI], 71.4–81.1). Among the highest-grade lesions, the accuracy rate was 80.5% (95% CI, 75.7–85.3). The accuracy rates for biopsy were 79.6% (95% CI, 75–84.2) and 84.6% (95% CI, 80–89.1) for the highest-grade lesions. High-grade lesions were accurately confirmed in 76.9% and 85% of patients with 1 and 2 or more affected quadrants, respectively. For women younger than 40 years, the accuracy rates were 77.6% and 80.8% for colposcopy and biopsy, respectively. For women 40 years or older, the accuracy rates were 72.5% and 76.3% for colposcopy and biopsy, respectively. Conclusion There is no difference between the accuracy of colposcopy and that of biopsy in diagnosing cervical intraepithelial lesions in relation with the result of conization. The patients who received the greatest benefit when biopsy was not performed were those with high-grade lesions at colposcopy, a lesion involving 2 or more quadrants, and those younger than 40 years.

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