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Online surveys are a popular source of data collection across organizations and academic settings. Insufficient effort responding (IER) to surveys occurs when participants fail to carefully read survey instructions or item content. Researchers commonly analyze IER as a methodological nuisance. The purpose of this article is to examine the extent to which negative emotions and thoughts predict proactive and reactive IER indicators. A sample of 625 participants completed an online survey containing a background questionnaire, the agreeableness and conscientiousness subscales of the Mini-International Personality Item Pool, the intrinsic motivation subscale of the Situational Motivational Scale, the Boredom Proneness Scale, and three proactive and six reactive IER indices. Binary logistic regression analysis results showed participants who experienced higher levels of state anxiety, distress, and sadness while completing the survey were more likely to not pay attention and/or violate test instructions. Participants who indicated they regretted agreeing to participate in the survey, were more likely to not pay attention, respond dishonestly, respond too quickly, and/or self-report that they had exerted little effort and attention. These findings suggest that IER behaviors are, in part, a manifestation of participants' negative emotions and thoughts. Public Significance StatementInsufficient effort responding (IER) can be considered a subtle avoidance behavior in response to negative emotions and thoughts experienced during survey completion. This idea was supported by the results of this study, which showed that participants who reported greater negative emotions and thoughts were more likely to not pay attention, ignore test instructions, respond dishonestly, respond too quickly, and self-report they exerted little effort and attention when completing an online study.

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Technology-mediated sexual interactions (TMSI) are interpersonal exchanges via technology of self-created sexual material, including photos, videos, and auditory or text messages. There is little research on the factors that predict both TMSI experiences and their sexual wellbeing outcomes. Social anxiety is anxiety experienced in response to social or performance situations. From a cognitive–behavioural perspective, people higher in social anxiety may avoid TMSI, preventing positive or negative consequences. They also may use TMSI to avoid the anxiety caused by in-person sexual interactions, benefiting from access to sexual interactions while perpetuating anxiety about them. The purpose of this scoping review was to explore the role of social anxiety in TMSI and its sexual wellbeing outcomes. We executed a comprehensive search strategy across eight academic databases and searched reference lists of included articles. We included 19 articles written in English or French that had a human sample and were published between 1991 and 2021 and evaluated connections between social anxiety constructs (e.g., shyness, anxiety) and TMSI-related experiences (e.g., sexting, internet sex addiction). The pattern of results suggested that social anxiety constructs may predict some but not all forms of TMSI. Future research from a cognitive–behavioural perspective will expand knowledge on social anxiety, TMSI, and its sexual wellbeing outcomes.

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