Bacngraund/Aim. Regardless of embryos quality, an appropriate endometrial thickness and a successful embryo transfer (ET), implantation remains a difficulty for a favorable outcome of an in vitro fertilization (IVF). Numerous studies with the aim of increasing implantation rate and pregnancy rate suggest local endometrial injury (LEI) prior to the IVF procedure. Hysteroscopy is a method becoming more widely used both with patients after a failed IVF cycle and with patients before the first IVF, considering the large incidence of uterus cavum pathological states which have a negative impact on the favorable outcome. However, there is still no consensus reached over LEI, the way and time of its performing or its impact. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of hysteroscopically made local endometrial lesion on the IVF procedure outcome, both in the first and in the next IVF cycle and also to examine if the new method of LEI provoking using bipolare electrode has a favorable impact on post IVF pregnancy success. Methods. Total of 81 patients had hysteroscopy performed 30-50 days prior to IVF, 40 of which had LEI made during hysteroscopy (the LEI group) using bipolar electrode in a way not described in any available literature. Remaning his-teroscopically treated patients (n = 41) had no LEI (the non-LEI group). The control group included 151 patient who had IVF performed with no prior hysteroscopy and LEI. Results. The rate of clinical pregnancies after LEI was statistically more significant in comparison to the control group (52.50% vs 34.44%, p < 0.05) and it meant 2.1 time bigger chance to conceive (OR=2.10; 95% CI: 1.04-4.26; p < 0.05). We noticed differences in the implantation rate between the LEI group and the non-LEI group on one side and the control group on the other, in favor of the two groups subjected to hysteroscopy (23.89%, 25.47% vs 18.18%, respectively), but they were not of any statistical significance. Not significantly higher rate of pregnancy was present, after the first and the next IVF, both in the LEI and the non-LEI group when compared to the control one. Conclusion. New method of LEI provoking by bipolar electrode in the process of hysteroscopy is a simple and safe method allowing higher rate of clinical pregnancies and doubling the probabilty of the positive IVF outcome.

Objectives: Embryo implantation represents the major limiting step during in vitro fertilization (IVF) procedure. Immunological and coagulation abnormalities were shown to have a substantial part in multifactorial etiology of IVF failure. We aimed to investigate the effect of short-term low-dose dexamethasone plus acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) treatment, starting at the time of embryo transfer, on the implantation and clinical pregnancy rates in general IVF population. Material and methods:Out of 233 consecutive patients undergoing fresh IVF/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles 64 received an adjuvant treatment consisting of dexamethasone (0.5 mg/day) plus ASA (100 mg/day) (DA group), starting on the day of embryo transfer. Patients not receiving these medications comprised a control group.Results: Significantly more patients in DA group had positive ß-hCG values than controls (59.38% vs. 37.67%, p = 0.004) (OR = 2.42, 95% CI: 1.33-4.41). Implantation rate was 26.53% in DA group and 15.92% in controls (p = 0.0294). Clinical pregnancy rate per started cycle was higher in DA group (43.59%) than controls (28.92%), but the difference was not significant (p = 0.0879; OR = 1.99, 95% CI: 0.89-4.41). Conclusions:Our study shows a potential benefit of dexamethasone plus ASA adjuvant treatment in females undergoing IVF/ICSI procedure. As these results show improvement of IVF outcome, a greater number of patients undergoing this type and regime of adjuvant treatment should be investigated.

Background The study of reproductive characteristics of 430 male subjects of different age, fertility status and educational level who were involved in the program of extracorporeal fertilization at the Clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Clinical Centre Niš, examined their knowledge, attitudes and behavior regarding tobacco and alcohol consumption as lifestyle risk predictors of their partial or full infertility. Methodology Consisted of the analyses of spermiograms to establish their fertility status and a survey of their attitudes towards smoking and alcohol use (behavior, knowledge of the general health and reproductive health consequences of such a lifestyle, and their determination to change it). Results The proportion with higher tobacco consumption and more severe forms of infertility increased significantly with ageing (P &lt; 0.001); the highest daily consumption of alcohol and the incidence of intoxication was seen among azoospermic patients; the level of awareness of the harmful effects of tobacco was highest among normozoospermic subjects and the highest level of determination to quit smoking was statistically significantly present among azoospermic subjects. Conclusion Appropriate use of health promotion activities in relation to alcohol and tobacco use is through specially designed programs.

The obtained results indicated, that double immunohistochemical demonstration of cytokeratin and vimentin is useful for identifying pregnancy in all chorionic villi-negative cases.

Melanomas are malignant neoplasms that originate from melanocytes. The most common are on the skin and mucous membranes. Choroidal melanomas are quite different from cutaneous melanomas with regard to presentation, metastases, and treatment.We report two cases of metastatic gastric malignant melanoma of the eye and skin, with reference to the literature. The first patient was a woman aged 23 years, who underwent gastrectomy 22 months after enucleation of the eye due to malignant choroid melanoma. The second patient was a man, 72 years old, who underwent surgery 28 months before because of malignant melanoma of the skin of the forehead. Paraffin sections, 4 μm thick were stained using a classic method, as well as immunohistochemical DAKO APAAP method, using a specific S -100 antibody and Melan A antibodies.The stomach is considered a rare place for the development of metastases. Metastases in the stomach are often limited to the submucosal as well as the serousmuscular layer, as noted in one of our patients. Metastatic melanoma of the gastrointestinal tract should be suspected in any patient with a history of malignant melanoma and new gastrointestinal symptoms. Because of the similarity between certain common histopathological types of malignant melanoma, primarily achromatic, and types of primary cancers of the stomach, the following immunohistochemical studies are needed: Melan A and S -100 protein ( markers of malignant melanoma ), as well as mucins: MUC5AC, MUC2 and CDX2 ( markers of different types of primary gastric carcinoma).