The research's goal is to create the surfaces of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) in a layer of folic acid (FA) that can effectively target human bladder cancer cells (T24). An efficient method for creating FA‐coated TiO2 NPs was used, and many tools have been used to analyze its physicochemical properties. The cytotoxic effects of FA‐coated NPs on T24 cells and the mechanisms of apoptosis generation were examined employing a variety of methodologies. The prepared FA‐coated TiO2 NPs suspensions with a hydrodynamic diameter around 37 nm and a negative surface charge of −30 mV reduced T24 cell proliferation with stronger IC50 value (21.8 ± 1.9 μg/ml) than TiO2 NPs (47.8 ± 2.5 μg/ml). This toxicity resulted in apoptosis induction (16.63%) that was caused through enhanced reactive oxygen species formation and stopping the cell cycle over G2/M phase. Moreover, FA–TiO2 NPs raised the expression levels of P53, P21, BCL2L4, and cleaved Caspase‐3, while decreasing Bcl‐2, Cyclin B, and CDK1 in treated cells. Overall, these findings revealed efficient targeting of the FA–TiO2 NPs resulted in increasing cellular internalization caused increased apoptosis in T24 cells. As a result, FA–TiO2 NPs might be a viable treatment for human bladder cancer.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a condition that affects about 24% of people worldwide. Increased liver fat, inflammation, and, in the most severe cases, cell death are all characteristics of NAFLD. However, NAFLD pathogenesis and therapy are still not clear enough. Thus, this study aimed to determine the effect of a high-cholesterol diet (HCD) inducing NAFLD on lipolytic gene expression, liver function, lipid profile, and antioxidant enzymes in rabbits and the modulatory effects of probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus (L. acidophilus) on it. A total of 45 male New Zealand white rabbits, eight weeks old, were randomly divided into three groups of three replicates (5 rabbits/replicate). Rabbits in group I were given a basal diet; rabbits in group II were given a high-cholesterol diet that caused NAFLD; and rabbits in group III were given a high-cholesterol diet as well as probiotics in water for 8 weeks. The results showed that a high-cholesterol diet caused hepatic vacuolation and upregulated the genes for lipoprotein lipase (LPL), hepatic lipase (HL), and cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP). Downregulated low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLr) gene, increased liver enzymes [alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)], cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), glucose, and total bilirubin. On the other hand, it decreased high-density lipoprotein (HDL), total protein, albumin, and liver antioxidants [glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), reduced glutathione (GSH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD)]. Supplementing with probiotics helped to return all parameters to normal levels. In conclusion, probiotic supplementation, especially L. acidophilus, protected against NAFLD, and restored lipolytic gene expression, liver functions, and antioxidants to normal levels.

This research was undertaken to determine the impact of probiotic supplementation on the genetic expression of lipoprotein lipase (LPL), hepatic lipase (HL), low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLr), and cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP) in the liver of New Zealand white rabbit, carcass traits and growth efficiency. Thirty male New Zealand white rabbits eight weeks old were allocated into two groups. Each group had 3 replicates, each with 5 rabbits. The first group was given a basal diet. The second group was fed the basal diet with probiotic "Lacto biotech" supplemented in water (1gm/liter). The experiment lasted for eight weeks. The obtained results revealed that dietary supplementation of probiotic significantly (P<0.05) decreased the expression of the LPL gene, a non-significant decrease in HL and CETP genes and LDLr gene expression increased significantly in the liver compared to the control group. Supplementation of probiotic showed no significant effect on carcass traits however improved growth performance in rabbits. In conclusions, probiotic supplementation downregulates LPL and upregulates LDLr genes with a slight decrease in HL and CETP gene expression. With no marked effect on carcass traits, enhance body weight and body weight gain.