This article presents the results of a comparative analysis of the legislative approaches to the regulation of cryptocurrencies in the BRICS countries and the Eurasian Economic Union. During the analysis, regulatory legal acts and draft laws, including material on judicial practice, of the Russian Federation, China, India, Brazil, the Republic of South Africa, the Republic of Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Armenia were studied. The use of a comparative-legal method makes it possible to develop recommendations about the development of legislation on the circulation of cryptocurrencies within the BRICS countries. The assessment of the experience of EEU countries, and especially that of the Republic of Belarus, has great importance since the Russian Federation is a member country of both the EEU and BRICS. Comparative analysis was achieved by taking into account such key points as the existence of a regulatory framework, regulation of transaction taxation and counteracting the legalization of profits from crime. The results of the analysis are presented for each country separately and then systematized in the form of an analytical table. Based on the analysis, three approaches to the regulation of cryptocurrencies are identified: conservative, liberal and neutral. The study of the experiences of the BRICS and EEU countries allowed the authors to conclude that these countries need to formulate similar requirements for the regulation of cryptocurrencies so as to avoid the migration of investment and capital to other countries which have a more liberal approach.

The innovation-oriented activity of enterprises is vital to the formation of competitive positions of the national economy on the world scene. Moreover, the importance of innovation is due to the complex modern economic conditions. Because of the sanctions from developed countries, it is necessary to increase production activities within the country in order to meet domestic demand, as well as to improve cooperation with the countries of the Eurasian Economic Union and Southeast Asia. The study focuses on strategic planning and management of high-tech developments and innovative technical solutions. The authors predicted the financing of science in Russia until 2030. The paper uses comparative analysis, systematization, induction, and deduction. Russia has developed a positive trend in financing the R&D sphere until 2030, which will improve its position in the global competitiveness rating. These findings can be used by managers of enterprises with innovation activities, by authorities regulating innovation activities in Russia, and by specialists in the field of innovation.

With the rapid development of digital technologies and globalization, telework is becoming increasingly common. For the BRICS countries, the formation of a modern legal regulation model for telework is of great importance. In drafting legislation, it is essential to take into account economic and cultural factors, as well as the need to ensure gender equality. This article presents an analysis of current trends in telework development in the BRICS countries. Its findings reveal various reasons for a growing need to regulate telework. For Brazil, the issue of ecology plays an important role; for China and India, the possibility of integration into the world economy; in Russia, the focus is still on the procedural issues concerning the conclusion and termination of employment contracts; in South Africa, the issue of ensuring not only gender equality, but also racial equality is acute. The analysis gives the authors grounds to conclude that the BRICS countries are still lagging behind the United States and the European Union in the area of telework labor law, despite its widespread prevalence. The BRICS countries do not yet produce the necessary statistics on the prevalence of telework. Issues relating to BRICS's deepening integration require the development of common approaches to regulating the work of teleworkers. The harmonization of legislation between Russia and China is of particular importance due to the territorial factor.

The article analyzes the legislative approaches to the regulation of telework in Russia, the United States, and the countries of the European and Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). The authors systematized the main issues of the Telework Enhancement Act, the Telework Framework Agreement, and the Labor Code of the Russian Federation and countries of the EAEU. The comparison made it possible to conclude that the norms of Russian labor law significantly lag behind European and American legislation. The regulation of telework in the Russian Federation consists of a certain framework, without a legal resolution of many important issues. The norms of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation are focused on procedural issues rather than on guarantees and compensation for employees. The authors investigated the level of labor guarantees for teleworkers in Russia and also carried out a comparison of social protection, which highlighted the reasons for the proliferation of “gray” employment schemes. The key problems of telework regulation in Russia are the absence of the obligation of the employer to compensate the employee for the costs of equipment and communication, reduced responsibility and duties of the employer in terms of labor protection, adherence to the work and rest regime, imperfection of the rules governing dismissal. In order to improve the Russian legislation, the possibilities of securing the preferential right of certain categories of individuals to enter into an agreement on teleworking, establishing the employer’s obligation to compensate employee expenses caused by teleworking are considered. The necessity for increasing the work on raising the level of the legal culture of citizens on the part of educational institutions and trade unions is justified. The regulation of telework in Russia needs to be gradually improved on the basis of an analysis of Russian law enforcement practices and foreign experience.

Статья посвящена анализу мировой практики трансформации подходов к регулированию краудфандинга. Методологическую компоненту работы составили общенаучные и специальные методы, к числу которых относятся статистический и сравнительный анализ. В качестве цели настоящего исследования определено изучение основных подходов к регулированию краудфандинга в странах с развитой экономикой. На первом этапе рассмотрены основные тенденции краудфандинга и эволюция его моделей в период с 2014 г. по настоящее время. На втором этапе исследованы нормативные подходы к регулированию краудфандинга в США, ЕС и Российской Федерации. В результате анализа определено три ключевых подхода к регулированию краудфандинга («запрещение», «саморегулирование» и «законодательное регулирование»), а также сделан вывод о том, что с 2020 г. Российская Федерация сменила подход с «саморегулирования» на «законодательное регулирование».