Maintaining plants in the field for two consecutive crop cycles is one of the latest techniques used by strawberry growers to reduce production costs. The goal of this research was to evaluate the postharvest fruit quality of six strawberry cultivars produced for two consecutive seasons with the same plants. They were planted from May to July 2010 under low-tunnel and fruits were evaluated in two growing seasons (season 1= January, February, and March 2011 and season 2= August, September, and October 2011), totaling three harvests of each cultivar in each year season. Fruits were picked up randomly among 500 plants of each cultivar, organized into five replications of five fruits and kept for three days before analysis under refrigeration (average temperature of 4°C). Variables analyzed were: soluble solids content, titratable acidity, soluble solids content/titratable acidity, flesh firmness, C vitamin content, sensory characteristics (sweetness, flavor, acidity, aroma, shape and flesh firmness), and mineral composition (Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Cu and Zn). 'Albion', 'Monterey' and 'San Andreas' showed good physical, chemical and sensory characteristics in both seasons. In general, fruits produced during the season 1 showed better physical, chemical and sensory characteristics than fruits produced in season 2. 'Palomar' and 'Portola' were better than the other cultivars concerning C vitamin content in both seasons. 'Palomar' showed higher potassium, calcium, magnesium, manganese and zinc levels, and 'Portola' showed higher calcium and iron levels.
ResumoA Melaleuca alternifolia é uma árvore da família Myrtaceae, de grande importância medicinal. Seu óleo essencial é muito utilizado tanto na medicina humana quanto na medicina veterinária, tendo grande poder antiséptico. É uma planta de difícil enraizamento no processo de estaquia. Assim, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a eficiência de diferentes concentrações de ANA e AIB, no enraizamento de estacas de M. alternifolia. Foram utilizadas estacas com 10 cm de comprimento, submetidas ao tratamento para enraizamento com dois reguladores vegetais ANA e AIB, nas seguintes concentrações: 0 (testemunha); 1000; 2000 e 4000 mg L -1 . Aos 97 dias foram avaliados a porcentagem de estacas enraizadas, vivas e mortas, o comprimento, o volume e a massa seca de raízes. O regulador vegetal ANA na concentração de 4000 mg L -1 demonstrou ser fitotóxico para as estacas de melaleuca e o uso de AIB em relação ao ANA, na concentração de 4000 mg L -1 , proporcionou maior porcentagem de estacas enraizadas e maior comprimento radicial. Palavras-chave: Myrtaceae, estaquia, AIB; ANA AbstractThe Melaleuca alternifolia is a Myrtaceae tree of great medicinal importance. Its essential oil is widely used both in human and in veterinary medicine, having great antiseptic power. It is a difficult plant in the process of rooting cuttings. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of different concentrations of NAA and IBA on the rooting of M. alternifolia. Melaleuca cuttings with 10 cm in length were submitted to treatments with two regulators, NAA and IBA, in the following concentrations: 0 (control), 1000, 2000 and 4000 mg L -1 . Evaluation occurred at 97 days throughout the live and dead cuttings rooted, medium length, volume and mass of roots. The growth regulator NAA at a concentration of 4000 mg L -1 showed to be phytotoxic to the cuttings of melaleuca; the use of IBA in comparable with NAA at concentration of 4000 mg L -1 provided a higher percentage of rooting and root length increases.
RESUMO -Algumas cultivares de pereira asiática, quando plantadas em regiões onde ocorrem invernos com baixo número de horas de frio, comumente apresentam deficiência e desuniformidade na brotação e floração, necessitando de meios artificiais para a quebra de dormência. Visando a miminizar esse problema, foi instalado um experimento num pomar de 4 anos de pereiras 'Hosui' (Pyrus pyrifolia), em espaçamento 4,0m x 4,0m, na Estação Experimental do Canguiri-da Universidade Federal do Paraná, no município de Pinhais-PR (latitude 25º25' sul, longitude 49º08' e altitude 920m), onde a soma de horas de frio atingiu 141 horas abaixo de 7,2ºC durante o inverno de 2005. Os tratamentos foram aplicados quando as plantas estavam no estádio fenológico A 1 (gema inchada), sendo o experimento realizado em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com 4 repetições, em esquema fatorial 2x4x7, onde foram testados dois tipos de condução, em taça e em líder central modificado, três concentrações de óleo mineral a 4%, 6% e 8%, e uma testemunha, durante o período de agosto a novembro de 2005, e sete avaliações realizadas semanalmente pelo número de gemas em início de brotação, gemas brotadas e gemas mortas, em 4 ramos de um ano de idade e em posição inclinada, previamente marcados por planta. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que a aplicação de óleo mineral, nas concentrações de 4%, 6% e 8%, anteciparam a brotação de gemas em relação à testemunha e aumentaram a porcentagem de gemas brotadas nos dois tipos de condução, sendo que as concentrações de 6% e 8% foram mais efetivas para antecipar a brotação do que a de 4%. A porcentagem de gemas brotadas aos 84 dias após a aplicação do óleo mineral não diferiu entre os sistemas de condução, em líder central modificado e em taça. Termos para indexação: Pyrus pyrifolia, horas de frio, indutores de brotação, produção orgânica, tipos de condução. DORMANCY BROKEN OF 'HOSUI' PEAR TREES WITH MINERAL OIL IN TWO TRAINING SYSTEMSABSTRACT -Some Asian pear cultivars, if cultivated in regions where less chilling hours are accumulated during winter, may present uneven budding and blooming and hence, need to have their dormancy broken by artificial means. In order to minimize such problem, an experiment was conducted in a 4-year-old 'Hosui' pear (Pyrus pyrifolia) with 4.0 x 4.0m tree spacing orchard, at the Canguiri Station, in Pinhais-PR (latitude 25º25'S, longitude 49º08' and altitude of 920m), pertaining to the Federal University of Parana, in which accumulation of 141 chilling hours under 7.2ºC was reached during the 2005 winter. Treatments were applied when plants were at the A1 phenological stage (bud swelling), using a completely randomized factorial design with 4 replications in a 2x4x7 factorial scheme in which two types of tree training, vase or central leader, three mineral oil concentrations, 4, 6 or 8%, and a control applied from August to November 2005, and seven weekly performed evaluations based on the number of buds at pre-budding stage as well as broken and dead buds in four previously selected hori...
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