This study aimed to explore the set of variables related to skeletal muscle mass (SMM) in both sexes, and to create age- and sex-related models of changes in SMM, using the most representative indicator of muscular status. Body composition was assessed in 8733 subjects (♀ = 3370 and ♂ = 5363), allocated into subsamples according to age: 18–29.9, 30–39.9, 40–49.9, 50–59.9, 60–69.9, and 70.0–79.9 years. Nine variables were used: protein mass, protein percent, protein mass index, SMM, percent of SMM, SMM index, fat-free mass, fat-free mass index, and protein/fat index. Univariate and multivariate analysis of variance (ANOVA and MANOVA) were used to determine between- and within-sex difference in all variables by age. Correlation analysis established the relationship between age and muscularity variables. Principal Component Analysis extracted the variables that loaded highest in explaining muscularity, while regression analysis determined the linearity of association between the age and indicators of muscular status. Variables SMMI and PSMM were extracted as the most sensitive to age, with SMMI being gender-independent while showing the parabolic and sinusoidal form of change as function of ageing in males and females, respectively; and PSMM being sex-dependent while showing a linear trend of decrease in both sexes.

Obesity due to increased body fatness has been recognized internationally as one of the leading factors affecting individual and public health. The aim of this study was to determine age-related differences in body fatness in a representative sample of women in Serbia. The study included 1937 Serbian females aged 20 to 69.9 years from all regions of the Republic of Serbia. The obesity and body fatness were analyzed using body mass index (BMI), body fat mass (BFM), percent of body fat (PBF), body fat mass index (BFMI), and visceral fat area (VFA). Multivariate analysis of variance with post hoc pairwise comparisons revealed the largest differences between the age categories in VFA followed by BFMI, PBF, and BMI. The prevalence of overweight, obese, and extremely obese subjects in the overall sample by BMI was 30.77, 1.32, and 1.40%, respectively. The prevalence was higher when calculated by PBF, with 37.84 and 20.11% for overweight and obese subjects. The prevalence of overweight and obesity, as calculated by BMI and PBF, was higher in older age groups of Serbian women. The prevalence of overweight women in the oldest group was 4.32 times higher, while the rate of obesity was 8.67 times higher than in the youngest group. Our results are a good basis for planning and implementing preventive health activities and monitoring changes in morphological parameters in Serbian women of different ages.

The aim of this study is to determine if certain lifestyle and habits influence the characteristics of body composition among young females in Serbia. The research included 248 randomly chosen females between 18 and 29 years of age. Data about physical activity were collected via validated questionnaire. In determining body composition, we relied on the instrument InBody 720, which enabled us to define the variables: body height (BH), body weight (BW), body fat mass percentage (BFM%), skeletal muscle mass percentage (SMM%), and visceral fat (VFA). In addition, we determined variables indexed for body height (BMI, FFMI, and FMI). On the basis of the results of regression analysis, we selected a mathematical model with the highest degree of prediction for body composition (BSC) = À64.554 + (0.092 Â BW) + (À0.107 Â BMI) + (À1.001 Â FMI) + (1.353 Â SMM%) + (À0.626 Â BFM%) + (À0.079 Â VFA) + (4.894 Â FFMI). Our correspondents had normal BMI, above average % BFM, VFA-50.8 cm 2 , FFMI in the range of normal and high and normal FMI. The score of physical activity (LSS) stood at the moderate level (9.29 AE 3.72). LSS statistically correlated significantly with all tested variables of body composition, except with BW. The highest degree of correlation has been between LSS in relation to BFM% and SMM% (À0.408 and 0.461, respectively).

Background. Police work belongs to the category of exceptionally responsible and psychologically , socially and physically strenuous and stressful professions. Occupational pressures can lead to a significant negative change in the level of nutrition, thus affecting body structure. Therefore, the goal of this paper was to analyze body composition in Serbian police personnel as related to their professional duties. Methods. 689 healthy male participants took part in this research, a control group of 412 civilians, and a group consisting of 277 male members of the Ministry of Interior of the Republic of Serbia, divided into 4 subgroups: Uniformed Police Administration (Directorate) (N = 38), Police Brigade (N = 127), Gendarmerie (N = 59) and Special Anti-Terrorist Unit (N = 53). The body composition measurements were realized by using multichannel segmental bioimpedance with InBody 720 apparatus. Results. Regarding different components of body fat, in comparison to the control group, police officers were found to have a higher value of BFM-body fat mass, VFA-visceral fat area, and BFI-body fat index, as well as a lower value of PFI-protein fat index. Conclusions. In view of the fact that body fat is a ballast component in good locomotion and a health risk factor in case of large or extreme surplus, we believe that this problem should be solved systematically through permanent evaluation, improved dietary habits and more regular and intensive physical activity.

Универзитет у Београду, Факултет спорта и физичког васпитања, Београд, Србија УТИЦАЈ ТРЕНИНГА СНАГЕ НА НИВО ТЕСТОСТЕРОНА КОД МУШКАРАЦА СажетакПримарни циљ овог рада је да пружи увид у ефекте тренинга снаге на ниво тестостерона (ТЕ) код мушкараца, као и механизме анаболичког дејства тестостерона на мишићни апарат човека. Познато је да је један од начина повећања мишићне снаге иде преко повећања мишићне масе (периферни фактор), а у основи тог процеса је деловање ТЕ. Прикупљени подаци потврђују закључке одређеног броја досадашњих истраживања, од којих је већи број новијег датума, а они се односе на утицај различитих метода тренинга снаге (Х -субмаксималних напрезања до отказа, С -максималних напрезања, П -динамичких напрезања) са једнако примењеним укупним обимом оптерећења, као и утицај различитог трајања пауза у тренингу снаге на ниво ТЕ код мушкараца. Приказаним резултатима исраживања потврђене су тврдње да је Х метода најделотворнија и оправдано названа ,,методом за хипертрофију мишића". Када је у питању трајање пауза, оптималним су се показале оне које трају око 90 секунди, јер је овај период имао највише утицаја на ниво млечне киселине и катехоламина у крви, који се сматрају да су кључним факторима утицаја на повећано лучење ТЕ (овај хормон је детерминисан и у групу стрес хормона). Удаља истраживања су неопходна на овом пољу по мишљењу многих аутора, како би се са већом сигурношћу утврдила узрочно последична веза.