Whether Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus can be recovered after passage through the human gut was tested by feeding 20 healthy volunteers commercial yogurt. Yogurt bacteria were found in human feces, suggesting that they can survive transit in the gastrointestinal tract.

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A completely chemically‐defined growth medium, containing guanine, thymine, cytidine, 2′‐deoxyadenosine and 2′‐deoxyuridine as DNA precursors, was developed for Lactobacillus johnsonii, on the basis of statistically designed techniques suitable for other lactobacilli. Particular focus was given to the nucleotide composition of different defined media, and to the specific nucleotide requirements of Lact. johnsonii. Most of the lactobacilli tested grew in a medium containing five free bases, four ribonucleosides or five deoxyribonucleosides. Adenine and guanine were replaceable by inosine. The requirement for thymine and cytosine was satisfied with uracil. The presence of inosine and uracil was identified as being essential for the growth of different Lactobacillus species, displaying their inability to synthesize purines and pyrimidines de novo. Defined recipes with different nucleotide composition were used to investigate iron requirements of lactobacilli. Only marginal differences in growth were observed in iron‐depleted media supplemented with five free bases, four ribonucleosides or five deoxyribonucleosides; iron depletion had a greater effect on growth when inosine and uracil were supplied as the only nucleotide sources. The results suggest that iron plays a role in the pyrimidine and purine metabolism of lactobacilli. Lactobacillus spp., particularly Lact. johnsonii, require iron under particular environmental conditions with limited or specific nucleotide sources.

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