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Objective: Gestational hypercholesterolemia concomitantly with a highly oxidative environment is associated with higher atherosclerosis in human and animal offspring. This work aimed to determine whether perinatal administration of a C-phycocyanin concentrate, a powerful antioxidant, can protect against atherosclerosis development in genetically hypercholesterolemic mice in adult life. Approach and Results: C-Phycocyanin was administered during gestation solely or gestation and lactation to apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Male and female offspring were studied until 25 weeks old. Progenies born to supplemented mothers displayed significantly less atherosclerotic root lesions than control group in all groups excepted in male supplemented during gestation and lactation. Female born to supplemented mothers had a greater gallbladder total bile acid pool, lower secondary hydrophobic bile acid levels such as lithocholic acid, associated with less plasma trimethylamine N -oxide at 16 weeks old compared with control mice. Regarding male born to C-Phycocyanin administrated mothers, they expressed a higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level, more soluble bile acids such as β-muricholic acids, and a decreased plasma trimethylamine at 16 weeks old. Liver reduced-to-oxidized glutathione ratio were increased and liver gene expression of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase were significantly decreased in male born to gestational supplemented mothers. No difference in the composition of cecal microbiota was found between groups, regardless of sex. Conclusions: Our findings suggest a protective effect of perinatal antioxidant administration on atherosclerosis development in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice involving sex-specific mechanisms.

Intoudction: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a public health problem that tends to take dimensions of epidemic, has a profound and pervasive effect on patients resulting in psychological strain, social isolation and has serious impact on quality of patient's life and are important predictors of patients outcome Aim of the Study: is to determine the effects of socio-demographic and clinical, characteristics of chronic kidney disease patients on their quality of life. Subjects & Methods: Cross sectional case control study were a sample of 60 patients with CKD (case group) aged 18-72 years from inpatient and outpatients clinic in nephrology department in Aokaf hospital, in addition to 40 control group of normal healthy subjects. Full history, clinical examination and lab investigations were done to all subjects. Also the subjects will be assessed for WHOQOL-BREF (WHO, 1996) Results: This study has shown that the presence of adequate social support (p=) were significantly associated with higher scores on WHOQOL-BREF domains while being divorced (p=), late stage of CKD (p=), presence of complications (p=), being on higher number of medication (p=) and being on a current treatment of RRT (p=) were significantly associated with poor quality of life among CKD patients. Comparing the QoL (all 4 domains) of patients and control group there was significant difference in all four domains were QoL showed lower scores in patients compared with control healthy group. The difference in physical domain was p< o.oo1, psychological p<0.001, social p

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