These experiments were designed to study the increased sensitivity of pregnant rats to endotoxin. Pregnant (Pr), cyclic (C), and progesterone (P)-treated pseudopregnant rats with or without a decidualized uterus (PSP and DEC rats, respectively) received infusions of an ultra-low dose of endotoxin (1.0 microg/kg BW) and were killed 3 days later. Pr, PSP, and DEC rats were infused on Day 14, C rats on diestrus. Endotoxin-infused rats were compared with saline-infused rats in the same reproductive conditions. The inflammatory reaction of the glomeruli of the kidneys was studied by immunohistochemical methods using 4-microm cryostat sections stained with specific monoclonal antibodies against neutrophils (polymorphonuclear cells, PMNs) and monocytes (MOs), and against the adhesion molecules ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 on the endothelium, and LFA-1, MAC-1, and VLA-4 on the leukocytes. Endotoxin infusion increased glomerular PMN and MO number in Pr, PSP, and DEC rats, all of which have elevated P levels, but not in C rats, which do not. The endotoxin-induced expression of adhesion molecules, associated with this influx of inflammatory cells, varied with the reproductive condition. In C rats there was no increased adhesion molecule expression after endotoxin treatment, in Pr rats there was increased expression of both the combinations ICAM-1/LFA-1 and VCAM-1/VLA-4. DEC rats did not express either of these combinations (although there was expression of ICAM-1); PSP rats expressed the combination ICAM-1/MAC-1. Adhesion molecule expression thus seems to be regulated by ovarian (e.g., P) and placental factors (e.g., of trophoblastic and decidual origin). Because the different combinations of adhesion molecules in the various reproductive conditions after exposure to endotoxin led to more or less the same leukocyte influx under these conditions, the increased sensitivity to endotoxin of pregnant individuals cannot be reduced to differences in leukocyte influx into the glomeruli.

O monitoramento constante do estado nutricional de pacientes hospitalizados, mediante uso de ferramentas de avaliação, tais como a determinação do Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) é fundamental para o rastreamento de indivíduos em risco nutricional, pois este fato pode refletir em complicações clínicas que poderiam ser evitadas com um tratamento nutricional adequado. O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar o IMC de pacientes adultos hospitalizados em uma fundação hospitalar da cidade de Cascavel - PR. Foi aplicada triagem nutricional em 189 pacientes, onde foi mensurado o peso e a altura através de avaliação antropométrica, para logo serem classificados de acordo com o IMC. Houve diferença significativa (p = 0,0077) entre os grupos classificados segundo o estado nutricional pelo IMC, onde o grupo de pacientes com magreza foi significativamente menor quando comparado aos demais grupos (eutrofia, sobrepeso e obesidade) que não diferiram estatisticamente (p > 0,05) entre si. Sendo que no grupo de magreza a maior porção de pacientes correspondia a idosos com idade superior a 70 anos, evidenciando uma vulnerabilidade nutricional na referida faixa etária. O IMC, como ferramenta avaliativa isolada, carece de exatidão para estabelecer conclusivamente o risco nutricional de pacientes hospitalizados. Sendo necessário, conjugar outras informações para determinar o risco de desnutrição real de pacientes internados em hospitais.