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The paper reveals the basic factors that lead to foreign vocabulary attrition. The article considers phonological, morphological and semantic aspects of L2 lexical attrition, reveals the causes of this phenomenon, summarizes the views of domestic and foreign researchers on this issue. Scientific originality of the study lies in the fact that the authors analyze lexical attrition process taking into account the specificity of its linguistic manifestation, which contributes to developing vocabulary teaching methodology. The research findings are as follows: the authors identify the most efficient strategies to memorize foreign language vocabulary.