The implication of inflammation in pathophysiology of several type of cancers has been under intense investigation. Omega-3 fatty acids can modulate inflammation and present anticancer effects, promoting cancer cell death. Pyroptosis is an inflammation related cell death and so far, the function of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in pyroptosis cell death has not been described. This study investigated the role of DHA in triggering pyroptosis activation in breast cancer cells. MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells were supplemented with DHA and inflammation cell death was analyzed. DHA-treated breast cancer cells triggered increased caspase-1and gasdermin D activation, enhanced IL-1β secretion, translocated HMGB1 towards the cytoplasm, and membrane pore formation when compared to untreated cells, suggesting DHA induces pyroptosis programmed cell death in breast cancer cells. Moreover, caspase-1 inhibitor (YVAD) could protect breast cancer cells from DHA-induced pyroptotic cell death. In addition, membrane pore formation showed to be a lysosomal damage and ROS formation-depended event in breast cancer cells. DHA triggered pyroptosis cell death in MDA-MB-231by activating several pyroptosis markers in these cells. This is the first study that shows the effect of DHA triggering pyroptosis programmed cell death in breast cancer cells and it could improve the understanding of the omega-3 supplementation during breast cancer treatment.

BIA proved to be a safe alternative for assessing BC in clinically severely obese patients and thus provides a more accessible evaluation tool for this population. But, consideration should be given to the formula added to the BIA measurement, adjusting the values to differences observed in order to reduce errors when compared with the DXA measurements.

Bariatric surgery, a highly successful treatment for obesity, requires adherence to special dietary recommendations to insure the achievement of weight loss goals and weight maintenance. Postoperative consumption of protein is linked to satiety induction, nutritional status, and weight loss. Hence, we conducted an extensive literature review to identify studies focused on the following: protein and nutritional status; recommendations for dietary protein intake; the effects of protein-rich diets; and associations between dietary protein intake and satiety, weight loss, and body composition. We found that there have been few studies on protein intake recommendations for bariatric patients. Dietary protein ingestion among this population tends to be inadequate, potentially leading to a loss of lean body mass, reduced metabolic rates, and physiological damage. Conversely, a protein-rich diet can lead to increased satiety, enhanced weight loss, and improved body composition. The quality and composition of protein sources are also very important, particularly with respect to the quantity of leucine, which helps to maintain muscle mass, and thus is particularly important for this patient group. Randomized studies among bariatric surgery patient populations are necessary to establish the exact quantity of protein that should be prescribed to maintain their nutritional status.

The triads method is applied in validation studies of dietary intake to evaluate the correlation between three measurements (food frequency questionnaire, reference method and biomarker) and the true intake using validity coefficients (ρ) IntroductionThe food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) is the most widely used instrument for the assessment of habitual food intake of a population. A properly validated FFQ for the intended population allows for stratification according to nutritional intake at the reference time considered 1 . Biomarkers offer the possibility of further validation aiming to improve the accuracy of the instrument 2 .In the process of validating a FFQ, multiple dietary records or 24-hour recalls (24hR) are often used as the method of reference 3 . The application of a reference method is important in order to estimate the errors associated with the FFQ, particularly the attenuation bias caused by random measurement errors of the instrument which will impact in the statistical power of the study 1,3 . The limitations of using dietary measures as the reference method is that both the instrument being tested (FFQ) and the reference method (24hR) are subject to the same random and systematic errors, because they rely on the memory of the interviewee and due to errors related to the estimation of the reported food intake 4,5 .In this scenario, biological markers may offer advantages and be able to improve the estimates of dietary intake assessment, due to the independence of their random errors in relation to the errors inherent to the intake questionnaires 5 . However, the biomarkers do not replace the tradition-REVISÃO REVIEW Yokota RTC et al. 2028 Cad. Saúde Pública, Rio de Janeiro, 26(11

ObjetivoInvestigar adesão a programa de aconselhamento nutricional em grupo para indivíduos com excesso de peso e comorbidades. MétodosEstudo analítico de intervenção controlada e aberta. Oitenta adultos, de ambos os sexos, com índice de massa corporal entre 25 e 35kg/m², portadores de dois ou mais fatores de risco cardiovascular associados foram alocados aleatoriamente em dois grupos para acompanhamento por três meses. O grupo de intervenção com aconselhamento nutricional em grupo recebeu atendimento individual e participou de seis reuniões grupais para discussão sobre alimentação saudável e atividade física, com dinâmicas e método participativo. O grupo--controle, com atendimento padrão individual, foi assistido em três consultas ambulatoriais. Consideraram-se repercussões dietéticas antes e após a intervenção e assiduidade às reuniões como parâmetros de adesão ao tratamento. ResultadosTrinta e três participantes concluíram o estudo. Do total inicial, 45,8% e 40,7% do grupo de intervenção com