The microalgae biofuels are considered a technically feasible alternative to supply the demands of the automotive, aviation and energy sectors. However, the costs associated with cultivation and processing still limit the scale-up of biomass production and its conversion into biofuels. One of the barriers associated with microalgae cultivation is the cost of nutrients used in heterotrophic and mixotrophic cultures. In this review were described and analyzed initiatives to explore effluents or coproducts from production chains of bioethanol and biodiesel for use as sources of nutrients for the cultivation of microalgae. With the purpose of reducing costs and integrating convergent agroindustrial chains, were evaluate the use of vinasse from the first generation of bioethanol plants, hemicellulosic hydrolyzate from the acid pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse, crude glycerol produced by the transesterification of oils and fats and washing water of biodiesel for the production of algal biomass.