In vitro study of the effect of different volumes of twelve essential oils on the mycelial growth of economically significant phytopathogenic fungi (Fusarium oxysporum and Botrytis cinerea) and it was compared to the effect of a fungicide. The antifungal activity of essential oils is decreased with the duration of incubation and it differs depending on the type of phytopathogenic fungus and the applied volume. The most effective antifungal effect on both tested fungi was in the essential oil of thyme, with lowest values of IC50 while the weakest effect was in essential oils of eucalyptus and lemon, with the highest values of IC50. Certain essential oils, when applied in certain volumes, had the same or even better effect on the inhibition of the growth of mycelium when compared to the tested fungicides.
SUMMARYAsparagus is an interesting vegetable as a part of a healthy diet and has been widely studied due to the high nutritional value and potential positive effects on human health. Wild asparagus (Asparagus acutifolius L.) grows along the Adriatic coast and islands, while the cultivated asparagus (A. officinalis L.) is mostly grown in the eastern region of Croatia. The aim of this study was to determine total polyphenol content (measured spectrophotometrically) and antioxidant activity (DPPH) in wild and cultivated asparagus. No significant differences in total polyphenol content were found between wild and cultivated asparagus. The highest content of polyphenols in wild asparagus was 6. [mg GAE/g fresh weight] and 49.60 [mg GAE/g dry weight], and in cultivated asparagus it was 4.52 [mg GAE/g fresh weight] and 50.93 [mg GAE/g dry weight]. Antioxidant activity measured using DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method showed statistically significant difference. Higher antioxidant activity was measured in cultivated than in wild asparagus. The results also indicate that increased polyphenol content leads to higher antioxidant activity, but more so in the cultivated asparagus. Based on the results, the cultivated asparagus is an excellent alternative to wild asparagus that should be protected from over-harvesting, thus preventing devastation of plant diversity of islands and coast.
Primjena sintetskih fungicida predstavlja još uvijek najučinkovitiju zaštitu od uzročnika biljnih bolesti. Međutim, prekomjerna i dugotrajna uporaba fungicida može dovesti do mnogih štetnih nuspojava, poput štetnoga djelovanja na ljudsko zdravlje, zagađenja okoliša i rezistentnosti patogena. Biološki spojevi koji se nalaze u eteričnim uljima nemaju nikakve štetne učinke na ljude i okoliš, pa mogu biti jedna od značajnih alternativa sintetskim fungicidima. Eterična ulja su sekundarni metaboliti biljaka, a često posjeduju antifungalna, antibakterijska, insekticidna, antivirusna i nematocidna svojstva. Kemijski sastav i biološki učinak eteričnih ulja je složen i ovisi o vrsti biljke, dijelu biljke iz kojega se uzima, podrijetlu, pedoklimatskim uvjetima, vremenu žetve, sezoni berbe i prerade, kao i o uvjetima skladištenja, vrsti patogena, primijenjenoj količini, načinu ekstrakcije i načinu aplikacije. Zbog toga se provode mnoga istraživanja antifungalnoga djelovanja eteričnih ulja na različite fitopatogene in vitro i in vivo ne bi li se pronašla eterična ulja ili njihove kombinacije čiji je antifungalno djelovanje jednako djelovanju sintetskih fungicida.
Provedenim istraživanjem pokušalo se ustanoviti djelovanje stimulatora klijanja EkoBooster 1 na početni rast i razvoj paprike. Ispitivanja su provedena na sjemenu paprike sorte Podravka u laboratorijskim uvjetima na filter papiru pri temperaturama 20C i 20-30C. Sjeme paprike tretirano je 1%-tnom otopinom preparata EkoBooster 1 u trajanju od 20 minuta. Kod energije klijanja sjemena nije uočena statistički značajna razlika između sjemena tretiranog stimulatorom klijanja i netretiranog sjemena niti na jednoj razini temperature, ali je zato klijavost sjemena povećana kod sjemena tretiranog stimulatorom klijanja na obje razine temperatura. Klijavost je kod netretiranog sjemena u odnosu na sjeme tretirano stimulatorom klijanja pri tempera-turi ispitivanja od 20C bila manja za 9%, a pri temperaturi od 20-30C za 4%. Postotak nenormalnih klijanaca i neklijavog sjemena je smanjen u odnosu na netretirano sjeme. Masa svježih i zdravih klijanaca poveća-na je na obje razine temperatura ispitivanja u odnosu na netretirano sjeme. Temeljem rezultata provedenih istraživanja može se zaključiti da tretman sjemena stimulatorom klijanja daje pozitivne učinke na ispitivana svojstva što je naročito značajno u uvjetima nepovoljnih temperatura u početnim fazama razvoja paprike.
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