Ants, an ecologically successful and numerically dominant group of animals, play key ecological roles as soil engineers, predators, nutrient recyclers, and regulators of plant growth and reproduction in most terrestrial ecosystems. Further, ants are widely used as bioindicators of the ecological impact of land use. We gathered information of ant species in the Atlantic Forest of South America. The ATLANTIC ANTS data set, which is part of the ATLANTIC SERIES data papers, is a compilation of ant records from collections (18,713 records), unpublished data (29,651 records), and published sources (106,910 records; 1,059 references), including papers, theses, dissertations, and book chapters published from 1886 to 2020. In total, the data set contains 153,818 ant records from 7,636 study locations in the Atlantic Forest, representing 10 subfamilies, 99 genera, 1,114 ant species identified with updated taxonomic certainty, and 2,235 morphospecies codes. Our data set reflects the heterogeneity in ant records, which include ants sampled at the beginning of the taxonomic history of myrmecology (the 19th and 20th centuries) and more recent ant surveys designed to address specific questions in ecology and biology. The data set can be used by researchers to develop strategies to deal with different macroecological and region‐wide questions, focusing on assemblages, species occurrences, and distribution patterns. Furthermore, the data can be used to assess the consequences of changes in land use in the Atlantic Forest on different ecological processes. No copyright restrictions apply to the use of this data set, but we request that authors cite this data paper when using these data in publications or teaching events.
Danaus butterflies sequester pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) from nectar and leaves of various plant species for defense and reproduction. We tested the hypothesis that the southern monarch butterfly Danaus erippus shows innate preferences for certain flower colors and has the capacity to develop learned preferences for artificial flowers presenting advantageous floral rewards such as PAs. We predicted that orange and yellow flowers would be innately preferred by southern monarchs. Another prediction is that flowers with both sucrose and PAs would be preferred over those having sucrose only, regardless of flower color. In nature, males of Danaus generally visit PA sources more often than females, so we expected that males of D. erippus would exhibit a stronger learned preference for PA sources than the females. In the innate preference tests, adults were offered artificial non-rewarding yellow, orange, blue, red, green, and violet flowers. Orange and yellow artificial flowers were most visited by southern monarchs, followed by blue and red ones. No individual visited either green or violet flowers. For assessing learned preferences for PA flowers over flowers with no PAs, southern monarchs were trained to associate orange flowers with sucrose plus the PA monocrotaline vs. yellow flowers with sucrose only; the opposite combination was used to train another set of butterflies. In the tests, empty flowers were offered to trained butterflies. Neither males nor females showed learned preferences for flower colors associated with PAs in the training set. Thus, southern monarchs resemble the sister species Danaus plexippus in their innate preferences for orange and yellow flowers. Southern monarchs, similarly to temperate monarchs, might not be as PA-demanding as are other danaine species.
RESUMO: As formigas-cortadeiras são consideradas os herbívoros dominantes da Região Neotropical e, portanto, estudos a respeito dos seus múltiplos efeitos sobre outros organismos e processos ecossistêmicos são relevantes. O presente estudo tem como objetivo determinar se ninhos de Atta sexdens (Linnaeus, 1758) podem afetar a estrutura da assembleia de artrópodes do solo em um fragmento de Mata Atlântica. Além disso, a fim de determinar os prováveis mecanismos que explicam a possível modificação na estrutura da fauna de artrópodes, foram testadas duas hipóteses: I) Hipótese da Serrapilheira: A. sexdens reduz a disponibilidade de serrapilheira nas proximidades do ninho; II) Hipótese dos Fatores Abióticos: A. sexdens modifica as condições microclimáticas ao redor do seu sítio de nidificação causando aumento da temperatura e luminosidade e redução da umidade relativa do ar. O estudo foi conduzido na Reserva Ecológica de Guapiaçu, junto à cidade do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Coletamos amostras de serrapilheira a intervalos de oito metros da borda dos ninhos de A. sexdens, ao longo de um transecto linear de 32 metros, para extração da assembleia de artrópodes e para estudar a estrutura da serrapilheira. Também medimos as temperaturas do ar e do solo, a luminosidade e a umidade relativa do ar onde coletamos as amostras de serrapilheira. Não detectamos qualquer efeito da presença do ninho sobre a riqueza, abundância e composição de artrópodes do solo no fragmento florestal estudado. Esse resultado foi provavelmente influenciado pelo fato de que os ninhos de A. sexdens estudados não afetam a disponibilidade de serrapilheira e as condições microclimáticas ao seu redor. Assim, concluímos que os múltiplos efeitos que as formigas-cortadeiras podem ter em uma floresta devem ser dependentes da espécie.
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