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Prenant appui sur une enquête ethnographique comparative, ce chapitre propose une analyse localisée de la production des droits afin d’éclairer la manière dont se construisent les discriminations dans l’accès au logement social. L’analyse des pratiques professionnelles, replacées dans leur contexte, révèle des modes de régulation qui contribuent à fragiliser la concrétisation du droit au logement. Les marges de manœuvre des différents acteurs favorisent, à un premier niveau, des situations qui font émerger des règles du jeu contraires au droit. Les typifications collectives et les routines bureaucratiques assurent, à un second niveau, la production des discriminations. En reconnaissant aux acteurs locaux le pouvoir de sélectionner les usagers, l’État autorise l’émergence de critères informels, parfois illégaux.

Capturing the effects of context from the desk. A multilevel analysis of the discrimination process. This article examines several methodological challenges associated with the multilevel approach, starting from the choices made during a research project aimed at explaining the recurrence of discrimination in access to social housing. Based on ethnographic surveys mainly carried out at the micro and meso levels, this research adopts a dual focus on professional practices and contextual effects, in order to grasp reproduction processes at the macro level. How to differentiate the levels of analysis through ethnographic enquiry ? How can macro-level elements be extracted from data collected mainly at the micro or meso level? How to characterise the relationships between these different levels of analysis ? To answer these questions, I first propose a brief review of the literature on bureaucratic work and lay the foundations for a multi-level approach to street-level bureaucracy. I then review my main methodological choices, the trajectory of my investigation, and the techniques used to analyse the empirical material. Finally, I show, on the basis of the results of my survey, how the multilevel approach makes it possible to characterise the micro-meso-macro links in terms of coupling-decoupling and to prioritise the explanations of bureaucratic work.

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