No abstract

The use of NRT in a postoperative CABG surgery population resulted in a significant increase in mortality when adjusted for baseline characteristics. Patients receiving NRT after off-pump cardiac surgery may be particularly susceptible. Additional evaluation in large patient cohorts with prospective controls is warranted.

Pharmacy-driven dexmedetomidine appropriate use guidelines decreased the use of dexmedetomidine and increased cost savings at a community hospital without adversely affecting clinical outcomes.

Background: Vancomycin requires therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) based on its pharmacokinetic properties, and guidelines have shifted to analyzing area under the curve over 24 hours (AUC24) rather than trough concentrations due to nephrotoxicity concerns and correlation to efficacy. Obesity is an established risk factor for vancomycin-induced nephrotoxicity due to increased drug exposure based on dosing calculations and volume of distribution estimation. The aim of this study is to assess the relationship between AUC-based versus trough-based dosing and nephrotoxicity among obese patients receiving vancomycin. Methods: This research project was conducted as a retrospective, observational, single-centered study which included obese adults who received at least 48 hours of vancomycin. The electronic medical record provided data for patients with vancomycin pharmacokinetic consults either evaluated with trough-only or AUC-based dosing. The primary objective was to compare the development of nephrotoxicity after vancomycin initiation, while secondary objectives included vancomycin loading dose exposure, total daily dose of vancomycin, and whether target TDM was attained. Nominal data were evaluated utilizing the chi-square test and continuous data using the independent samples t-test or Mann-Whitney test. The a priori level of significance was .05. Data analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel and SAS statistical software. Results: Two hundred fifty-four patients were included in the primary analysis. Four patients in the AUC cohort (6.3%) developed nephrotoxicity compared to 32 (17.4%) in the trough cohort ( P = .035). Both cohorts received a median of 4 days of therapy; however, the median loading dose per actual body weight in the AUC cohort was 20 mg/kg as compared to 16 mg/kg in the trough cohort. Of the 130 patients with available TDM in the trough cohort, 97 (74.6%) did not meet target attainment as compared to 15 of the 57 in the AUC cohort (26.3%) ( P < .001). Conclusions: AUC dosing was associated with a statistically significant reduction in AKI occurrence despite overall higher loading dose exposure as compared to the trough cohort. Though maintenance dose exposure was similar between both cohorts, patients in the AUC cohort maintained therapeutic concentrations at a higher percentage than the trough cohort.

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate risk factors associated with vasopressor use and development of hospital-acquired pressure injuries (HAPIs). METHODS:The researchers conducted a retrospective chart review in a 12-bed medical ICU at a community hospital. A total of 123 patients who received a minimum of 24 hours of continuous vasopressor administration between January 2017 and January 2019 were included. The primary outcomes assessed were vasopressor dose and HAPI incidence, with a subgroup analysis based on type. Secondary outcomes included quantity of vasopressors, duration, mean arterial pressure, mechanical ventilation, time to injury, severity, and location. RESULTS:The overall incidence of HAPIs was 20.3%, with 17% incidence in the low-dose cohort and 22.4% in the high-dose cohort (P = .317). There were no differences in the subgroup analysis based on vasopressor type. The most common locations for injuries were the sacrum and coccyx, with the majority being stage 1 or 2 based on the National Pressure Injury Advisory Panel severity staging. No correlations were found between HAPI incidence and factors such as multiple vasopressors use, mechanical ventilation, mean arterial pressure, or duration of vasopressor administration. The documentation of time to injury was significantly shorter in the high-dose cohort compared with the low-dose cohort (157.58 vs 330.86 hours, P < .05). CONCLUSIONS:The incidence of HAPIs did not differ between the low-and high-dose vasopressor cohorts. However, patients who received higher doses of vasopressors had documented pressure injuries sooner than the low-dose cohort, emphasizing the importance of close monitoring for HAPIs in patients receiving vasopressors.