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The present empirical study aims to provide a new conceptual framework for the regional tourism industry of the Province of Tungurahua-Ecuador that emerged from a combined application of stakeholder engagement and research-practice approaches. These preliminary outcomes from in-depth focus group assessments and surveys applied to tourism experts, industry practitioners, government’s representatives, and tourists revealed that a synergic/collaborative work across tourism stakeholders have the potentials to create innovative touristic products and services, thus solving progressively the existing issues observed in the regional tourism, travel and hospitality sectors. Resulting tailor-made tourism products, mainly based on advanced technology, may represent the first steps of improvements to be taken into consideration prior to evolving to the development and implementation of smart cities and smart tourism concepts in this region where tourism activities are one of the most important revenue for the national and regional tourism industry.

This chapter addresses collaborative economy in four Latin American countries: Argentina, Colombia, Chile and Mexico. It challenges one of the taken for granted assumptions about the collaborative economy that it creates a more equal society with a fairer, more inclusive economic model (Botsman and Rogers, 2010). The chapter argues that the collaborative economy is underpinned by fundamentally different rationales and structures in Latin America compared to Western-oriented societies. The chapter's Latin American perspective suggests limitations in existing conceptualizations of the collaborative economy. In Latin American societies, digital collaborative economy is adopted into a sociocultural, political and economic context and has become an extension of well-established and social embedded historical practices of collaborative production and consumption. It has often replicated old patterns of privileged access for some and denial for others. Even though the digital collaborative economy has increased significantly, and Latin America is characterized by a solid information technology, it becomes clear that the informal sector keeps playing a pivotal role in the understanding of practices related to collaborative economy.

Este artículo propone analizar el turismo como una construcción social que posibilita la existencia de una serie de relaciones, valores, identidades económicas, culturales, políticas y relacionados con el desarrollo de esta actividad. La teoría “Construcción Social de la Población Objetivo” es utilizada para analizar los factores que influyen en la selección, por parte de los Estados, de elementos generales para delinear sus políticas y sus acciones sobre distintos grupos sociales relacionados al turismo. Con ello, se analiza cómo el Estado transformó a Tepoztlán en un caso ejemplar no solo para el programa turístico federal Pueblos Mágicos, sino en la reconstrucción de la identidad nacional. Palabras clave: turismo, estado, construcción social, Pueblos Mágicos, Tepoztlán.