RESUMENAntecedentes: En relación al impacto de los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria (TCA) sobre el embarazo, la mayoría de la evidencia advierte sobre consecuencias negativas prenatales y postnatales para la madre y el feto. Objetivo: Determinar la presencia de comportamientos alimentarios anormales en gestantes controladas en atención primaria, y analizar descriptiva y comparativamente las pacientes con estas actitudes en relación con variables maternas, del embarazo, rasgos psicológicos y conductuales. Método: 141 pacientes embarazadas fueron encuestadas con el test de actitudes alimentarias (EAT-40) y el inventario de trastornos alimentarios (EDI), a los cuales se añadieron preguntas relativas al embarazo e historia de TCA. Resultados: 23,4% de las encuestadas obtuvieron puntajes en rango patológico de EAT-40, donde la historia previa de TCA emerge como un factor de riesgo importante para el desarrollo de un desorden alimentario en estas pacientes. Otras diferencias se observaron en los puntajes del EAT-40, el EDI y todas sus subescalas. Conclusión: La cifra alcanzada para conductas anormales de alimentación supera ampliamente a la planteada para TCA clínicos, los que además reflejan tendencia a la cronicidad aun en el embarazo. Se requieren estudios adicionales que orienten a los profesionales de salud en la prevención, detección y tratamiento de los TCA en el embarazo.PALABRAS CLAVE: Trastornos de la conducta alimentaria, embarazo, bulimia, anorexia nerviosa, control prenatal SUMMARYBackground: According to the impact of eating disorders on pregnant women, most evidence shows negative pre and post natal consequences for the mother and the fetus. Objective: To determine the presence of abnormal eating behaviors in pregnant women controlled in primary care, and to describe and compare eating disordered patients in relation to the pregnancy, maternal, psychological and behavioral characteristics. Method: The Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-40), the Eating Disorders Inventory (EDI) and a questionnaire about demographic and pregnancy data and previous history of eating disorders were administered to 141 pregnant women. Results: 23.4% of the polled women scored within the pathological range of EAT-40, in whom the prior history of eating disorders emerged as the most important factor of risk to develop an eating disorder in these patients. Furthermore, considerable differences were seen in the average of EAT-40 scores and in the EDI and its all subscales. Conclusion: The percentage of pregnant women who displayed abnormal eating behaviors exceeds the rate described in literature for clinical eating disorders. Besides, it
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