RESUMO O enfoque dos Determinantes Sociais da Saúde tem tido ampla difusão e foi aparentemente bem acolhido globalmente. Este artigo assume uma visão crítica desse enfoque, buscando sistematizar as críticas principalmente provenientes de debates no interior da medicina social e saúde coletiva latino-americana, que se articularam ao redor da diferenciação entre Determinantes Sociais da Saúde e a determinação social dos processos saúde-doença. Pretendemos examinar estas diferenças para problematizar a aparente unanimidade retórica em prol da equidade. Ainda que a abordagem dos Determinantes Sociais da Saúde marque um enorme avanço na mobilização pela equidade em saúde, em nossa avaliação ela não consegue ser mais do que um avanço incompleto. PALAVRAS-CHAVE Desigualdades em saúde; Equidade em saúde; Medicina social. ABSTRACT This article seeks to critically analyze the Social Determinants of Health approach and proposes a synthesis of the critique that has shaped the debate and particularly found expression in the differentiation between SDH and the Latin American Social Medicine andCollective Health 'social determination of the health-disease processes' approach. Reexamining the apparent rhetoric unanimity that defined the agenda of the mobilization around the Social Determinants of Health, we seek to address the differences between these approaches and conclude that the Social Determinants of Health approach marks an important but incomplete advance in the mobilization towards the reduction of health inequities.

There are ethnic inequities in gaining access to health services because there is no adequate access as required; there is violation of rights, discrimination, a lack of adaptation and appreciation of differences. These situations are considered to be examples of cultural and distributive injustice. Ethnicity determines levels of social vulnerability and takes specific forms regarding life, health and disease, thereby becoming a structural determinant of studying ethnic-equity in gaining access to health services.

RESUMENEl ensayo presenta la propuesta de entender la equidad en salud en el marco de la discusión ético-política de la justicia, para lo cual se revisa el debate actual y se muestran las implicaciones en la definición de políticas públicas y en la organización de los sistemas de servicios de salud. En segunda instancia se presenta la idea de la historicidad del debate y de sus realizaciones en las sociedades contemporáneas, de manera que el predominio de una u otra posición es un resultado histórico que depende de las relaciones de poder y la correlación de fuerzas en el interior de cada sociedad, en el marco de la interdependencia global. Con base en lo anterior, se sugiere un proceso de construcción democrática para avanzar en una nueva configuración de la equidad en salud para los países latinoamericanos.Palabras Clave: Equidad en salud, sistemas de salud, justicia sanitaria (fuente: DeCS, BIREME). ABSTRACTThis work deals with understanding equity in health within the framework of an ethicalpolitical discussion of justice; current debate on this issue is reviewed and the implications in defining public policy and organising health service systems are shown. The debate's historicity and how it is carried out in contemporaneous societies is presented so that one or another position's predominance is a historical result depending on power relationships and correlating efforts within each society, within the framework of global interdependency. A process of democratic construction is thus suggested, based on the foregoing, for advancing towards a new configuration of equity in health for Latin-American countries.

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