The
role of interface contact between two oxides, CeO2 and
TiO2, for the photocatalytic elimination of toluene is
examined in a series of samples with variable quantities of ceria.
Samples having ceria contents in the 1 to 10 mol % range improve significantly,
exhibiting up to 3.5 times the activity of the bare nano-TiO2 catalyst. To interpret the photocatalytic behavior, this contribution
develops a novel spectro-kinetic approach where a joined analysis
of the kinetics of the reaction and the fate of charge charriers is
merged with the mathematical modeling of the light–catalyst
interaction at the photoreactor. This produces a self-consistent approach
that simultaneously validates the kinetic model and interprets the
activity on rigorous bases. The study is completed with a multitechnique
examination of the solids using X-ray diffraction and electron paramagnetic
resonance, UV–vis, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies as
well as high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The results
provide quantitative evidence that the oxide–oxide contact
controls the photoactivity through the number of hole-related species
available at the surface of the composite materials and that this
number is in turn related to the stabilization of reduced Ce species
present at the Ce–Ti interface.
Mechanochemistry
has emerged as one of the most interesting synthetic
protocols to produce new materials. Solvent-free methodologies lead
to unique chemical processes during synthesis with the consequent
formation of nanomaterials with new properties. The development of
mechanochemistry as a synthetic method is supported by excellent results
in a wide range of applications. This feature highlights some representative
contributions focused on protocols that could be easily extended to
the synthesis of other advanced nanomaterials. Materials for batteries,
supercapacitors, and catalytic processes are discussed, indicating
the potential future directions of each field. Theoretical aspects
and a revision of recent real in situ analyses of the synthesis procedures
are also featured. This contribution attempts to present, in a comprehensive
way, mechanochemistry as an open research line and a consolidated
methodology to synthesize advanced nanomaterials.
Catalysis is an integral part of a majority of chemical operations focused on the generation of value‐added chemicals or fuels. Similarly, the extensive use of fossil‐derived fuels and chemicals has led to deterioration of the environment. Catalysis currently plays a key role in mitigating such effects. Thermal catalysis and photocatalysis are two well‐known catalytic approaches that were applied in both energy and environmental fields. Thermo‐photocatalysis can be understood as a synergistic effect of the two catalytic processes with key importance in the use of solar energy as thermal and light source. This Review provides an update on relevant contributions about thermo‐photocatalytic systems for environmental and energy applications. The reported activity data are compared with the conventional photocatalytic approach and the base of the photothermal effect is analyzed. Some of the systems based on the positive aspects of thermo‐ and photocatalysis could be the answer to the energy and environmental crisis when taking into account the outstanding results with regard to chemical efficiency and energy saving.
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