PbCl 2 and CH 3 NH 3 I were 0.4 and 1.2 M. The solution was spin-coated onto the PEDOT:PSS layer at 2000 rpm for 45 sec. The perovskite films were annealed at 110ºC for 40 minutes. After that, 2% PCBM in chlorobenzene solution was coated onto the perovskite layer at 1000 rpm for 45 sec. The interface layers were subsequently deposited by spin casting from 0.2% PEIE and 0.01% P3TMAHT methanol solutions at 4000 rpm and 1000 rpm for 45 sec, respectively. Finally

The absorption and photoluminescence spectra of the cationic conjugated polyelectrolyte poly[3-(6-trimethylammoniumhexyl)thiophene] (P3TMAHT) were observed to be dramatically altered in the presence of anionic surfactants due to self-assembly through ionic complex formation. Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), UV/vis, and photoluminescence spectroscopy were used to probe the relationship between the supramolecular complex organization and the photophysical response of P3TMAHT in the presence of industrially important anionic surfactants. Subtle differences in the surfactant mole fraction and chemical structure (e.g., chain length, headgroup charge density, perfluorination) result in marked variations in the range and type of complexes formed, which can be directly correlated to a unique colorimetric and fluorimetric fingerprint. Our results show that P3TMAHT has potential as an optical sensor for anionic surfactants capable of selectively identifying distinct structural subgroups through dual mode detection.

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We successfully demonstrate a smart strategy to use aluminum doped ZnO (AZO) and the thiophene-based conjugated polyelectrolyte P3TMAHT as an interfacial layer in small molecule solution-processed inverted solar cells. Modification of AZO with a thin P3TMAHT layer increases the photovoltaic properties of the inverted cell as a result of reduction in the work function of the cathode with well aligned frontier orbital energy levels for efficient charge transport and reduced surface recombination. The inverted device achieved $16% performance improvement dominantly by recapturing part of the V oc losses when going from conventional to the inverted architecture. In addition, the inverted device using the AZO/P3TMAHT interlayer shows improved device stability in air compared to conventional devices.

Conjugated polymer (CP)‐di‐ureasil composite materials displaying a tunable emission color from blue to yellow through white have been prepared using a simple sol–gel processing method. The tunability of the emission color arises from a combination of energy transfer between the di‐ureasil and the CP dopant and the excitation wavelength dependence of the di‐ureasil emission. Incorporation of the CP does not adversely affect the bulk or local structure of the di‐ureasil, enabling retention of the structural and mechanical properties of the host. Furthermore, CP‐di‐ureasils display superior thermal and photostability compared to the parent CPs. Thermogravimetric analysis shows that the onset of thermal decomposition can be increased by up to 130 °C for CP‐di‐ureasils, while photostability studies reveal a significant decrease in the extent of photodegradation. Steady‐state photoluminescence spectroscopy and picosecond time‐resolved emission studies indicate that the observed tunable emission arises as a consequence of incomplete energy transfer between the di‐ureasil and the CP dopant, resulting in emission from both species on direct excitation of the di‐ureasil matrix. The facile synthetic approach and tunable emission demonstrate that CP‐di‐ureasils are a highly promising route to white‐light‐emitters that simultaneously improve the stability and reduce the complexity of CP‐based multilayer device architectures.